PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: The migration of healthcare workers is attracting growing attention worldwide. Attitudes towards emigration develop over the years, and it is possible that, in addition to social factors, they are influenced by the characteristics of a person\'s personality and the sense of belonging to the social environment. This study aimed to determine the tendencies of final-year medical students\' from Osijek, Croatia, towards emigration after graduation and after specialization, as well as their specialty preferences and to investigate whether introversion and ethnocentrism have an impact on attitudes toward leaving the country in search of employment elsewhere.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among final-year (6th year) medical students from Osijek, Croatia, in two consecutive academic years - 2014/2015 and 2015/2016. Students completed a questionnaire about sociodemographic characteristics, academic and scientific performance, preferences about their future medical career, the medical specialty of choice, emigration tendencies after graduation and specialization, ethnocentrism and introversion.
RESULTS: There were 124 students who participated in the study (response rate: 96%). A quarter of participants agreed that they are likely or very likely to emigrate after graduation (25.0%) or after specialization (23.39%). Variables associated with the intention to emigrate were specialty preferences (students that prefer endocrinology and psychiatry had the highest emigration tendencies), academic year in which the participants were included (students included in 2014/2015 were more prone to emigrate after specialization, p = 0.060), prior involvement in scientific projects (students with experience in scientific projects expressed higher tendencies to emigrate after graduation, p = 0.023), and ethnocentrism (higher ethnocentrism was associated with a lower tendency towards emigration after specialization, Spearman\'s rho = -0.191).
CONCLUSIONS: Our finding that a quarter of final-year medical students from the Faculty of Medicine Osijek were considering emigrating from Croatia in search of employment elsewhere after graduation or specialization is not as high as in previous Croatian studies or studies conducted in other European countries. Even though these data may be encouraging, considering the lack of physicians in Croatia, interventions are needed to prevent permanent emigration to protect the future functioning of the Croatian health system. Furthermore, our study did not find significant associations between levels of introversion and ethnocentrism and tendency to emigrate from Croatia. It seems that the phenomenon covering the emigration of students is more complex and influenced by many other factors which were not included in our study.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among final-year (6th year) medical students from Osijek, Croatia, in two consecutive academic years - 2014/2015 and 2015/2016. Students completed a questionnaire about sociodemographic characteristics, academic and scientific performance, preferences about their future medical career, the medical specialty of choice, emigration tendencies after graduation and specialization, ethnocentrism and introversion.
RESULTS: There were 124 students who participated in the study (response rate: 96%). A quarter of participants agreed that they are likely or very likely to emigrate after graduation (25.0%) or after specialization (23.39%). Variables associated with the intention to emigrate were specialty preferences (students that prefer endocrinology and psychiatry had the highest emigration tendencies), academic year in which the participants were included (students included in 2014/2015 were more prone to emigrate after specialization, p = 0.060), prior involvement in scientific projects (students with experience in scientific projects expressed higher tendencies to emigrate after graduation, p = 0.023), and ethnocentrism (higher ethnocentrism was associated with a lower tendency towards emigration after specialization, Spearman\'s rho = -0.191).
CONCLUSIONS: Our finding that a quarter of final-year medical students from the Faculty of Medicine Osijek were considering emigrating from Croatia in search of employment elsewhere after graduation or specialization is not as high as in previous Croatian studies or studies conducted in other European countries. Even though these data may be encouraging, considering the lack of physicians in Croatia, interventions are needed to prevent permanent emigration to protect the future functioning of the Croatian health system. Furthermore, our study did not find significant associations between levels of introversion and ethnocentrism and tendency to emigrate from Croatia. It seems that the phenomenon covering the emigration of students is more complex and influenced by many other factors which were not included in our study.
摘要：
背景：医护人员的迁移在全球范围内引起了越来越多的关注。多年来，人们对移民的态度不断发展，有可能，除了社会因素,他们受到一个人的人格特征和对社会环境的归属感的影响。这项研究旨在确定来自奥西耶克的最后一年医学生的倾向，克罗地亚,毕业后和专业化后的移民，以及他们的专业偏好，并调查内向和种族中心主义是否对离开该国寻找其他地方就业的态度有影响。
方法：对来自Osijek的最后一年（6年）医学生进行了一项横断面研究，克罗地亚,连续两个学年-2014/2015和2015/2016。学生完成了一份关于社会人口统计学特征的问卷，学术和科学表现，对他们未来医疗事业的偏好，选择的医学专业，毕业和专业化后的移民倾向，种族中心主义和内向。
结果：有124名学生参加了这项研究（应答率：96％）。四分之一的参与者同意他们在毕业后（25.0％）或专业化后（23.39％）可能或很可能移民。与移民意向相关的变量是专业偏好（喜欢内分泌学和精神病学的学生有最高的移民倾向），包括参与者的学年(2014/2015年度的学生在专业化后更容易移民，p=0.060),先前参与科学项目(有科学项目经验的学生毕业后移民的倾向更高，p=0.023),和民族中心主义(较高的民族中心主义与专业化后较低的移民倾向相关，斯皮尔曼的rho=-0.191）。
结论：我们发现，奥西耶克医学院四分之一的最后一年的医学生正在考虑从克罗地亚移民，在毕业或专业化后寻找其他地方的工作，这并不像以前的克罗地亚研究或在其他欧洲国家进行的研究那样高。尽管这些数据可能令人鼓舞，考虑到克罗地亚缺乏医生，需要采取干预措施来防止永久移民，以保护克罗地亚卫生系统的未来功能。此外，我们的研究未发现内向和种族中心主义水平与从克罗地亚移民的倾向之间存在显著关联.似乎涵盖学生移民的现象更为复杂，并受到我们研究中未包括的许多其他因素的影响。
方法：对来自Osijek的最后一年（6年）医学生进行了一项横断面研究，克罗地亚,连续两个学年-2014/2015和2015/2016。学生完成了一份关于社会人口统计学特征的问卷，学术和科学表现，对他们未来医疗事业的偏好，选择的医学专业，毕业和专业化后的移民倾向，种族中心主义和内向。
结果：有124名学生参加了这项研究（应答率：96％）。四分之一的参与者同意他们在毕业后（25.0％）或专业化后（23.39％）可能或很可能移民。与移民意向相关的变量是专业偏好（喜欢内分泌学和精神病学的学生有最高的移民倾向），包括参与者的学年(2014/2015年度的学生在专业化后更容易移民，p=0.060),先前参与科学项目(有科学项目经验的学生毕业后移民的倾向更高，p=0.023),和民族中心主义(较高的民族中心主义与专业化后较低的移民倾向相关，斯皮尔曼的rho=-0.191）。
结论：我们发现，奥西耶克医学院四分之一的最后一年的医学生正在考虑从克罗地亚移民，在毕业或专业化后寻找其他地方的工作，这并不像以前的克罗地亚研究或在其他欧洲国家进行的研究那样高。尽管这些数据可能令人鼓舞，考虑到克罗地亚缺乏医生，需要采取干预措施来防止永久移民，以保护克罗地亚卫生系统的未来功能。此外，我们的研究未发现内向和种族中心主义水平与从克罗地亚移民的倾向之间存在显著关联.似乎涵盖学生移民的现象更为复杂，并受到我们研究中未包括的许多其他因素的影响。
