PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Third party punishment (TPP) is thought to be crucial to the evolution and maintenance of human cooperation. However, this type of punishment is often not rewarded, perhaps because punishers\' underlying motives are unclear. We propose that the expression of moral emotions could solve this problem by advertising such motives. In each of three experiments (n = 1711), a third-party punishment game was followed by a trust game. Third parties expressed anger or disgust instead of, or in addition to, financial punishment. Results showed that third parties who expressed these emotions were trusted more than those who didn\'t express (Experiment 1), and more than those who financially punished (Experiment 2). Moreover, third parties who expressed while financially punishing were trusted more than those who punished without expressing (Experiment 3). Findings suggest that emotion expression might play a role in the evolution and maintenance of cooperation by facilitating TPP.
摘要：
第三方惩罚（TPP）被认为对人类合作的发展和维持至关重要。然而,这种惩罚往往得不到回报，也许是因为惩罚者的潜在动机不清楚。我们认为，道德情感的表达可以通过宣传这种动机来解决这个问题。在三个实验中（n=1711），第三方惩罚游戏之后是信任游戏。第三方表示愤怒或厌恶，而不是，或者除此之外，经济惩罚。结果表明，表达这些情绪的第三方比不表达的第三方更受信任（实验1），比那些受到经济惩罚的人更多（实验2）。此外，在经济惩罚的同时表达的第三方比在没有表达的情况下受到惩罚的第三方更信任（实验3）。研究结果表明，情感表达可能通过促进TPP在合作的发展和维持中发挥作用。
