Abstract：
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of inherited diseases that lead to degeneration of the retina and decreased vision. The World Health Organization reports around 1,300 million people affected by some type of visual impairment worldwide. The prevalence is 1 in every 4000 inhabitants and it is the first cause of blindness of genetic origin, frequent in men with a percentage of 60% and 40% in women. There is a lack of information on this pathology in the world, mainly on the existing treatments for this disease, so this bibliographic review aims to update the existing or under-study treatments and inform the limitations of each of these therapies. This review of scientific literature was carried out by consulting databases such as PubMed and Web of science, the search will be limited to articles from the years 2018-2022. There are several types of therapy in studies: gene therapy, transcorneal electrical stimulation, use of neuroprotectors, optogenic therapy, stem cell transplants and oligonucleotide therapy, which will be discussed in this article, both their benefits and the existing barriers in each treatment experimental. In conclusion, each of these therapies promises a viable treatment in the future for selective groups of people with retinitis pigmentosa, however, some therapies have shown benefit at the beginning of the disease, losing their efficacy in the long term.
摘要：
视网膜色素变性（RP）是一组遗传性疾病，导致视网膜退化和视力下降。世界卫生组织报告说，全球约有13亿人受到某种类型的视力障碍的影响。患病率为每4000名居民中的1名，它是遗传起源失明的第一个原因，男性占60%，女性占40%。世界上缺乏这种病理学的信息，主要是关于这种疾病的现有治疗方法，因此，本文献综述旨在更新现有或研究中的治疗方法，并告知每种治疗方法的局限性。对科学文献的审查是通过咨询PubMed和WebofScience等数据库进行的，搜索将仅限于2018-2022年的文章。研究中有几种类型的治疗方法：基因治疗，经角膜电刺激,使用神经保护剂，视源治疗,干细胞移植和寡核苷酸治疗，这将在本文中讨论，他们的好处和现有的障碍在每个治疗实验。总之,这些疗法中的每一种都有望在未来为色素性视网膜炎的选择性人群提供可行的治疗方法，然而,一些疗法在疾病开始时显示出益处，从长远来看，它们会失去效力。
