Abstract：
Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen frequently detected in environmental waters and commonly causes skin infections to water users. S. aureus concentrations in fresh, brackish, and marine waters are positively correlated with water turbidity. To reduce the risk of S. aureus infections from environmental waters, S. aureus survival (stability and multiplication) in turbid waters needs to be investigated. The aim of this study was to measure S. aureus in turbid fresh and brackish water samples and compare the concentrations over time to determine which conditions are associated with enhanced S. aureus survival. Eighteen samples were collected from fresh and brackish water sources from two different sites on the east side of O\'ahu, Hawai\'i. S. aureus was detected in microcosms for up to 71 days with standard microbial culturing techniques. On average, the greatest environmental concentrations of S. aureus were in high turbidity fresh waters followed by high turbidity brackish waters. Models demonstrate that salinity and turbidity significantly predict environmental S. aureus concentrations. S. aureus persistence over the extent of the experiment was the greatest in high turbidity microcosms with T90 \'s of 147.8 days in brackish waters and 80.8 days in freshwaters. This study indicates that saline, turbid waters, in the absence of sunlight, provides suitable conditions for enhanced persistence of S. aureus communities that may increase the risk of exposure in environmental waters. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Staphylococcus aureus concentrations, survival, and persistence were assessed in environmental fresh and brackish waters. Experimental design preserved in situ conditions to measure S. aureus survival. Higher initial S. aureus concentrations were observed in fresh waters with elevated turbidity, while sustained persistence was greater in brackish waters. Water turbidity and salinity were both positively associated with S. aureus concentrations and persistence. Climate change leads to more intense rainfall events which increase water turbidity and pathogen loading, heightening the exposure risk to S. aureus.
摘要：
金黄色葡萄球菌是环境水域中经常发现的机会致病菌,通常会导致水使用者的皮肤感染。新鲜的金黄色葡萄球菌浓度，微咸,海水浊度与海水浊度呈正相关。为了降低环境水域金黄色葡萄球菌感染的风险，需要研究金黄色葡萄球菌在浑浊水域中的存活(稳定性和增殖)。这项研究的目的是测量浑浊的新鲜和微咸水样品中的金黄色葡萄球菌，并比较随时间的浓度，以确定哪些条件与金黄色葡萄球菌的存活率增强相关。从O\'ahu东侧两个不同地点的新鲜和微咸水源中收集了18个样本，夏威夷.用标准微生物培养技术在微观世界中检测金黄色葡萄球菌长达71天。平均而言,金黄色葡萄球菌的环境浓度最高的是高浊度淡水,其次是高浊度微咸水.模型证明盐度和浊度显著预测环境金黄色葡萄球菌浓度。金黄色葡萄球菌在实验范围内的持久性在高浊度微观世界中最大，在微咸水域中T90为147.8天，和80.8天的淡水。这项研究表明，盐水，浑浊的水域，在没有阳光的情况下，为增强金黄色葡萄球菌群落的持久性提供了合适的条件，这可能会增加在环境水域中暴露的风险。
