Abstract：
Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), which are becoming increasingly popular in many parts of the world, have recently become more sophisticated in terms of their more active content and better controlled vaporisation. This review begins by describing how cigarette smoking led to the development of ENDS as a means of combatting nicotine addiction. ENDS are usually categorised as belonging to one of only three main generations, but a fourth has been added in order to differentiate the latest, most powerful, most advanced and innovative that have improved heating efficiency. Descriptions of the principal substances contained in ENDS are followed by considerations concerning the risk of toxicity due to the presence of albeit low concentrations of such a variety of compounds inhaled over a long time, and the increasingly widespread use of ENDS as a means of smoking illicit drugs. We also review the most widely used pharmacotherapeutic approaches to smoking cessation, and recent epidemiological data showing that ENDS can help some people to stop smoking. However, in order to ensure their appropriate regulation, there is a need for higher-quality evidence concerning the health effects and safety of ENDS, and their effectiveness in discouraging tobacco smoking.
摘要：
电子尼古丁输送系统（ENDS），它们在世界许多地方越来越受欢迎，最近在更有效的含量和更好的控制蒸发方面变得更加复杂。这篇综述首先描述了吸烟如何导致ENDS发展为对抗尼古丁成瘾的手段。ENDS通常被归类为仅属于三个主要世代之一，但是为了区分最新的，增加了第四个，最强大的,最先进和创新，提高了加热效率。在描述ENDS中包含的主要物质之后，考虑到由于长期吸入的各种化合物的低浓度存在而导致的毒性风险，以及越来越广泛地使用ENDS作为吸食非法药物的手段。我们还回顾了最广泛使用的戒烟药物治疗方法，和最近的流行病学数据显示，ENDS可以帮助一些人戒烟。然而,为了确保他们的适当监管，需要有关ENDS的健康影响和安全性的高质量证据，以及它们阻止吸烟的有效性。
