PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Plants coordinately use cell-surface and intracellular immune receptors to perceive pathogens and mount an immune response. Intracellular events of pathogen recognition are largely mediated by immune receptors of the nucleotide binding and leucine rich-repeat (NLR) classes. Upon pathogen perception, NLRs trigger a potent broad-spectrum immune reaction, usually accompanied by a form of programmed cell death termed the hypersensitive response. Some plant NLRs act as multifunctional singleton receptors which combine pathogen detection and immune signaling. However, NLRs can also function in higher order pairs and networks of functionally specialized interconnected receptors. In this article, we cover the basic aspects of plant NLR biology with an emphasis on NLR networks. We highlight some of the recent advances in NLR structure, function, and activation and discuss emerging topics such as modulator NLRs, pathogen suppression of NLRs, and NLR bioengineering. Multi-disciplinary approaches are required to disentangle how these NLR immune receptor pairs and networks function and evolve. Answering these questions holds the potential to deepen our understanding of the plant immune system and unlock a new era of disease resistance breeding.
摘要：
植物协调使用细胞表面和细胞内免疫受体来感知病原体并产生免疫应答。病原体识别的细胞内事件主要由核苷酸结合和富含亮氨酸重复(NLR)类的免疫受体介导。根据病原体的感知，NLRs会引发强效的广谱免疫反应,通常伴有一种称为超敏反应的程序性细胞死亡。一些植物NLR充当多功能单例受体,其结合病原体检测和免疫信号传导。然而,NLR还可以在功能特化的互连受体的高阶对和网络中发挥作用。在这篇文章中,我们涵盖植物NLR生物学的基本方面，重点是NLR网络。我们强调NLR结构的一些最新进展，函数,和激活，并讨论新兴主题，如调制器NLR，NLR的病原体抑制，和NLR生物工程。需要多学科的方法来解开这些NLR免疫受体对和网络的功能和进化。回答这些问题有可能加深我们对植物免疫系统的理解，并开启抗病育种的新时代。
