Abstract：
Dr. Leonhard presents a comprehensive and insightful critique of the existing malingering research literature and its implications for neuropsychological practice. Their statistical critique primarily focuses on the crucial issue of diagnostic inference when multiple tests are involved. While Leonhard effectively addresses certain misunderstandings, there are some overlooked misconceptions within the literature and a few new confusions were introduced. In order to provide a balanced commentary, this evaluation considers both Leonhard\'s critiques and the malingering research literature. Furthermore, a concise introduction to Bayesian diagnostic inference, utilizing the results of multiple tests, is provided. Misunderstandings regarding Bayesian inference are clarified, and a valid approach to Bayesian inference is elucidated. The assumptions underlying the simple Bayes model are thoroughly discussed, and it is demonstrated that the chained likelihood ratios method is an inappropriate application of this model due to one reason identified by Leonhard and another reason that has not been previously recognized. Leonhard\'s conclusions regarding the primary dependence of incremental validity on unconditional correlations and the alleged mathematical incorrectness of the simple Bayes model are refuted. Finally, potential directions for future research and practice in this field are explored and discussed.
摘要：
Leonhard博士对现有的恶意研究文献及其对神经心理学实践的影响进行了全面而有见地的批评。他们的统计批评主要集中在涉及多个测试时诊断推断的关键问题上。虽然莱昂哈德有效地解决了某些误解，文献中存在一些被忽视的误解，并引入了一些新的困惑。为了提供平衡的评论，这一评价既考虑了莱昂哈德的批评，也考虑了恶意的研究文献。此外，贝叶斯诊断推理的简要介绍，利用多个测试的结果，提供。澄清了关于贝叶斯推理的误解，并阐明了贝叶斯推理的有效方法。彻底讨论了简单贝叶斯模型的假设，并且证明了链式似然比方法是该模型的不适当应用，这是由于Leonhard确定的一个原因和以前尚未认识到的另一个原因。Leonhard关于增量有效性对无条件相关性的主要依赖性以及所谓的简单贝叶斯模型的数学不正确性的结论被驳斥。最后,探索和讨论了该领域未来研究和实践的潜在方向。
