PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The composition and abundance of microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract of cows are complex and extensive, and they play a crucial role in regulating nutrient digestion, absorption, maintaining digestive tract stability, and promoting the production and health of the host. The fermentation carried out by these microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract is fundamental to the health and productivity of cows. Rumen microorganisms produce the majority of enzymes required to break down feed substrates, such as cellulose, protein, lipids, and other plant materials, through fermentation. This process provides energy metabolism substrates that satisfy approximately 70% of the host\'s energy requirements for physiological activities. Gut microorganisms primarily decompose cellulose that is difficult to digest in the rumen, thereby providing heat and energy to the hosts. Additionally, they have an impact on host health and productivity through their role in immune function. Understanding the composition and function of the cow gut microbiota can help regulate dairy cattle breeding traits and improve their health status. As a result, it has become a popular research topic in dairy cattle breeding. This article provides a review of the composition, structure, physiological characteristics, and physiological effects of the cow gut microbiota, serving as a theoretical foundation for future studies that aim to utilize the gut microbiota for dairy cattle breeding or improving production traits. It may also serve as a reference for research on gut microbiota of other ruminants.
摘要：
奶牛胃肠道中微生物的组成和丰度是复杂而广泛的,它们在调节营养消化中起着至关重要的作用，吸收，维持消化道稳定，促进寄主的生产和健康。这些微生物在胃肠道中进行的发酵对于奶牛的健康和生产力至关重要。瘤胃微生物产生分解饲料底物所需的大部分酶，如纤维素，蛋白质，脂质，和其他植物材料，通过发酵。该过程提供了能量代谢底物，可满足宿主生理活动所需能量的约70％。肠道微生物主要分解在瘤胃中难以消化的纤维素，从而为宿主提供热量和能量。此外,它们通过在免疫功能中的作用对宿主健康和生产力产生影响。了解奶牛肠道菌群的组成和功能有助于调节奶牛繁殖性状，改善其健康状况。因此,它已成为奶牛育种的热门研究课题。这篇文章提供了一个综述的组成，结构,生理特征，和奶牛肠道微生物群的生理效应，作为未来研究的理论基础，旨在利用肠道菌群进行奶牛育种或改善生产性状。它也可以作为其他反刍动物肠道菌群研究的参考。
