PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Saffron is a unique spice obtained by drying stigmas of saffron flowers (Crocus sativus L.). Due to its high price, economically motivated adulteration occurs relatively often. The presented study aimed to develop an effective strategy for the detection of the following potential botanical adulterants used for a saffron substitution or dilution: safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), calendula (Calendula officinalis L.), turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), achiote (Bixa orellana L.), red pepper (Capsicum spp.), mountain arnica (Arnica montana L.), beet (Beta vulgaris L.), and pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). A non-target screening strategy based on ultra-high performance reverse-phase liquid chromatography coupled to tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS/MS) was employed for the analysis of an aqueous ethanol plant extract. By using multivariate statistical methods, principal components analysis (PCA), and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), for processing the generated \"chemical fingerprints,\" metabolites unique to the investigated plants could be identified. To enable routine saffron authenticity control by target screening, an internal spectral database was developed; currently, it involves 82 unique markers. In this way, the detection addition as low as 1% (w/w) of all analyzed botanical adulterants in admixture with saffron was possible. The developed method was used to control 7 saffron powder samples from the Czech market, and none of the monitored adulterants were confirmed.
摘要：
藏红花是通过干燥藏红花花的柱头获得的独特香料（CrocussativusL.）。由于价格高,出于经济动机的掺假相对经常发生。本研究旨在开发一种有效的策略，用于检测以下用于藏红花替代或稀释的潜在植物掺假物：红花（CarthamustinctoriusL.），金盏花（金盏花），姜黄（姜黄L.），achiote(BixaorellanaL.)，红辣椒（辣椒属。),山山金车（山金车蒙大拿州L.），甜菜(贝塔寻常L.)，和石榴（PunicagranatumL.）。采用基于超高效反相液相色谱和串联高分辨率质谱（UHPLC-HRMS/MS）的非目标筛选策略来分析乙醇植物提取物。通过使用多元统计方法，主成分分析(PCA)，和偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)，用于处理生成的化学指纹，“可以确定所研究植物特有的代谢物。为了通过目标筛选实现常规藏红花真实性控制，开发了一个内部光谱数据库；目前，它涉及82个独特的标记。这样,检测添加低至1%（w/w）的所有分析的植物掺假与藏红花的混合物是可能的。开发的方法用于控制来自捷克市场的7个藏红花粉末样品，没有被监测的掺假者得到证实。
