Abstract：
Recurrent miscarriage is classically defined as three or more consecutive pregnancy losses in about 1-5% of couples trying to conceive. However, several researchers have amended this to two or more because of the recent increase in childless miscarriages. Recurrent miscarriage is a clinical challenge for clinicians because there are many possible causes, and diagnostic testing is expensive and time-consuming. Established causes of recurrent miscarriage are antiphospholipid antibodies, uterine anomalies, and abnormal chromosomes in either partner, particularly translocations. Uterine anatomical abnormalities, endocrine abnormalities, infections, immunologic factors, environmental factors, metabolic or hormonal disorders, sperm quality, and maternal and paternal age have each been linked. Among them, the genetic factor plays a significant role in recurrent miscarriage. Approximately 70% of miscarriage conceptions with sporadic spontaneous miscarriage reveal some chromosome abnormality. Specifically, recurrent miscarriage can be caused by a structural or numerical defect in the parents\' or fetus\' chromosomes. Recurrent miscarriage has been linked to several genes, including those involved in oxidative stress, angiogenesis, clotting, and inflammation. Despite several well-known etiologic factors, the etiology of recurrent miscarriage is unknown in over half of all instances. The current review aims to analyse the role of the genetic basis of recurrent miscarriages.
摘要：
复发性流产通常被定义为大约1-5％的试图怀孕的夫妇中连续三次或更多次怀孕。然而,由于最近无子女流产的增加，一些研究人员将其修改为两个或更多。复发性流产对临床医生来说是一个临床挑战，因为有许多可能的原因，和诊断测试是昂贵和耗时的。复发性流产的确定原因是抗磷脂抗体，子宫异常,和任何一个伴侣的异常染色体，尤其是易位。子宫解剖异常，内分泌异常,感染,免疫因素,环境因素,代谢或荷尔蒙失调，精子质量,母亲和父亲的年龄都有联系。其中,遗传因素在复发性流产中起重要作用。大约70％的流产概念与零星的自发性流产揭示了一些染色体异常。具体来说,反复流产可由父母或胎儿染色体的结构或数字缺陷引起。复发性流产与几个基因有关,包括那些参与氧化应激的，血管生成,凝血,和炎症。尽管有几个众所周知的病因，在超过一半的病例中，复发性流产的病因尚不清楚。本综述旨在分析复发性流产的遗传基础的作用。
