PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Over the past decade, molecular imprinting (MI) technology has made tremendous progress, and the advancements in nanotechnology have been the major driving force behind the improvement of MI technology. The preparation of nanoscale imprinted materials, i.e., molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (MIP NPs, also commonly called nanoMIPs), opened new horizons in terms of practical applications, including in the field of sensors. Currently, hydrogels are very promising for applications in bioanalytical assays and sensors due to their high biocompatibility and possibility to tune chemical composition, size (microgels, nanogels, etc.), and format (nanostructures, MIP film, fibers, etc.) to prepare optimized analyte-responsive imprinted materials. This review aims to highlight the recent progress on the use of hydrogel MIP NPs for biosensing purposes over the past decade, mainly focusing on their incorporation on sensing devices for detection of a fundamental class of biomolecules, the peptides and proteins. The review begins by directing its focus on the ability of MIPs to replace biological antibodies in (bio)analytical assays and highlight their great potential to face the current demands of chemical sensing in several fields, such as disease diagnosis, food safety, environmental monitoring, among others. After that, we address the general advantages of nanosized MIPs over macro/micro-MIP materials, such as higher affinity toward target analytes and improved binding kinetics. Then, we provide a general overview on hydrogel properties and their great advantages for applications in the field of Sensors, followed by a brief description on current popular routes for synthesis of imprinted hydrogel nanospheres targeting large biomolecules, namely precipitation polymerization and solid-phase synthesis, along with fruitful combination with epitope imprinting as reliable approaches for developing optimized protein-imprinted materials. In the second part of the review, we have provided the state of the art on the application of MIP nanogels for screening macromolecules with sensors having different transduction modes (optical, electrochemical, thermal, etc.) and design formats for single use, reusable, continuous monitoring, and even multiple analyte detection in specialized laboratories or in situ using mobile technology. Finally, we explore aspects about the development of this technology and its applications and discuss areas of future growth.
摘要：
在过去的十年里，分子印迹(MI)技术取得了巨大的进步,纳米技术的进步是MI技术进步的主要推动力。纳米印迹材料的制备,即，分子印迹聚合物纳米颗粒(MIPNP，通常也称为nanoMIP)，在实际应用方面开辟了新的视野，包括传感器领域。目前,由于其高生物相容性和调整化学成分的可能性，水凝胶在生物分析测定和传感器中的应用非常有前途。大小(微凝胶，纳米凝胶,等。),和格式(纳米结构，MIP胶片,纤维，等。)制备优化的分析物响应印迹材料。这篇综述旨在强调过去十年来将水凝胶MIPNP用于生物传感目的的最新进展。主要集中于它们在传感设备上的结合，以检测一类基本的生物分子，肽和蛋白质。该评论首先将重点放在MIP在（生物）分析测定中替代生物抗体的能力上，并强调了它们在面对当前多个领域的化学传感需求方面的巨大潜力，如疾病诊断，食品安全,环境监测,在其他人中。之后,我们解决了纳米MIP相对于宏观/微观MIP材料的一般优势，例如对靶分析物的更高亲和力和改进的结合动力学。然后，我们提供了关于水凝胶特性及其在传感器领域应用的巨大优势的一般概述，其次是对目前流行的合成针对大生物分子的印迹水凝胶纳米球的路线的简要描述，即沉淀聚合和固相合成，与表位印迹的富有成效的结合是开发优化的蛋白质印迹材料的可靠方法。在审查的第二部分，我们已经提供了MIP纳米凝胶用于筛选大分子的应用的最新技术，传感器具有不同的转导模式（光学，电化学,热,等。)和一次性使用的设计格式，可重复使用，连续监测,甚至在专业实验室或使用移动技术原位检测多种分析物。最后,我们探讨了该技术的发展及其应用，并讨论了未来的增长领域。
