Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Preventing new parents who use drugs from bonding with and bodyfeeding their babies undermines public health. Because U.S. culture treats substance use as a moral failing rather than a health concern, punitive responses to perinatal substance use continue to dominate. This is particularly true for families of color, who are more likely to be targeted by the family regulation system. These approaches fail to protect families, and cause their own, separate harm. This article will lay out existing evidence surrounding bodyfeeding. Then, it will debunk harmful mythologies about drug use and human milk, and compare the risks associated with using drugs while bodyfeeding to those inherent in family separation. Finally, it will make the case for harm-reduction approaches over criminal ones.
OBJECTIVE: The health risks associated with family separation are only rarely weighed against those associated with drug exposure through human milk. Our objective for this paper is to contribute new ways of framing the importance of keeping families together at birth, even when perinatal substance use is detected.
METHODS: This manuscript is not based upon clinical study or patient data, and exclusively references studies and research publications that have been approved by the appropriate ethics committee and which have therefore been performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.
RESULTS: Significant research data support the position that the risks associated with family separation are arguably greater than those associated with exposure to substance use in human milk.
CONCLUSIONS: Harm reduction approaches should be favored over criminal approaches when perinatal substance use is detected or confirmed.
The harms of family separation have already been well-documented by public health and social science researchers. The risks associated with substance use and human milk have also been the subject of significant academic research. However, the authors have not come across any articles that weigh the health risks associated with family separation against those associated with drug exposure through human milk. This paper contributes new ways of framing the importance of keeping families together at birth, even when perinatal substance use is detected.
OBJECTIVE: The health risks associated with family separation are only rarely weighed against those associated with drug exposure through human milk. Our objective for this paper is to contribute new ways of framing the importance of keeping families together at birth, even when perinatal substance use is detected.
METHODS: This manuscript is not based upon clinical study or patient data, and exclusively references studies and research publications that have been approved by the appropriate ethics committee and which have therefore been performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.
RESULTS: Significant research data support the position that the risks associated with family separation are arguably greater than those associated with exposure to substance use in human milk.
CONCLUSIONS: Harm reduction approaches should be favored over criminal approaches when perinatal substance use is detected or confirmed.
The harms of family separation have already been well-documented by public health and social science researchers. The risks associated with substance use and human milk have also been the subject of significant academic research. However, the authors have not come across any articles that weigh the health risks associated with family separation against those associated with drug exposure through human milk. This paper contributes new ways of framing the importance of keeping families together at birth, even when perinatal substance use is detected.
摘要：
背景：阻止使用药物的新父母与婴儿结合并喂养婴儿会破坏公共卫生。因为美国文化将物质使用视为道德上的失败，而不是健康问题，对围产期物质使用的惩罚性反应继续占主导地位。对于有色人种来说尤其如此，他们更有可能成为家庭监管系统的目标。这些方法无法保护家庭，造成他们自己的，单独的伤害。本文将列出围绕身体喂养的现有证据。然后，它将揭穿关于吸毒和母乳的有害神话，并比较在身体喂养时使用药物与家庭分离固有的风险。最后,这将为减少犯罪伤害的方法提供依据。
目的：与家庭分离相关的健康风险很少与通过母乳接触药物相关的健康风险相权衡。我们的目的是为本文提供新的框架，使家庭在出生时保持团结的重要性，即使检测到围产期物质使用。
方法：本手稿不是基于临床研究或患者数据，以及专门参考经适当的伦理委员会批准的研究和研究出版物，因此这些研究和研究出版物是根据1964年《赫尔辛基宣言》及其后来的修正案中规定的伦理标准进行的。
结果：重要的研究数据支持这样的观点，即与家庭分离相关的风险可以说大于与人乳中物质使用相关的风险。
结论：当发现或确认使用围产期药物时，减少危害的方法应优于犯罪方法。
公共卫生和社会科学研究人员已经充分记录了家庭分离的危害。与物质使用和人乳相关的风险也是重要学术研究的主题。然而,作者没有遇到任何文章来权衡与家庭分离相关的健康风险和与通过母乳接触药物相关的健康风险。本文提供了新的方法来构建使家庭在出生时团结在一起的重要性，即使检测到围产期物质使用。
目的：与家庭分离相关的健康风险很少与通过母乳接触药物相关的健康风险相权衡。我们的目的是为本文提供新的框架，使家庭在出生时保持团结的重要性，即使检测到围产期物质使用。
方法：本手稿不是基于临床研究或患者数据，以及专门参考经适当的伦理委员会批准的研究和研究出版物，因此这些研究和研究出版物是根据1964年《赫尔辛基宣言》及其后来的修正案中规定的伦理标准进行的。
结果：重要的研究数据支持这样的观点，即与家庭分离相关的风险可以说大于与人乳中物质使用相关的风险。
结论：当发现或确认使用围产期药物时，减少危害的方法应优于犯罪方法。
公共卫生和社会科学研究人员已经充分记录了家庭分离的危害。与物质使用和人乳相关的风险也是重要学术研究的主题。然而,作者没有遇到任何文章来权衡与家庭分离相关的健康风险和与通过母乳接触药物相关的健康风险。本文提供了新的方法来构建使家庭在出生时团结在一起的重要性，即使检测到围产期物质使用。
