Abstract：
Fish serve as indicators of exposure to contaminants of emerging concern (CECs)-chemicals such as pharmaceuticals, hormones, and personal care products-which are often designed to impact vertebrates. To investigate fish health and CECs in situ, we evaluated the health of wild fish exposed to CECs in waterbodies across northeastern Minnesota with varying anthropogenic pressures and CEC exposures: waterbodies with no human development along their shorelines, those with development, and those directly receiving treated wastewater effluent. Then, we compared three approaches to evaluate the health of fish exposed to CECs in their natural environment: a refined fish health assessment index, a histopathological index, and high-throughput (ToxCast) in vitro assays. Lastly, we mapped adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) associated with identified ToxCast assays to determine potential impacts across levels of biological organization within the aquatic system. These approaches were applied to subsistence fish collected from the Grand Portage Indian Reservation and 1854 Ceded Territory in 2017 and 2019. Overall, 24 CECs were detected in fish tissues, with all but one of the sites having at least one detection. The combined implementation of these tools revealed that subsistence fish exposed to CECs had histological and macroscopic tissue and organ abnormalities, although a direct causal link could not be established. The health of fish in undeveloped sites was as poor, or sometimes poorer, than fish in developed and wastewater effluent-impacted sites based on gross and histologic tissue lesions. Adverse outcome pathways revealed potential hazardous pathways of individual CECs to fish. A better understanding of how the health of wild fish harvested for consumption is affected by CECs may help prioritize risk management research efforts and can ultimately be used to guide fishery management and public health decisions. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:846-863. © 2023 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
摘要：
鱼类作为暴露于新兴关注污染物（CEC）的指标-化学品，如药品，荷尔蒙，和个人护理产品-通常旨在影响脊椎动物。为了调查鱼类健康和原位CECs，我们评估了明尼苏达州东北部水体中暴露于CEC的野生鱼类的健康状况，这些水体具有不同的人为压力和CEC暴露：沿海岸线没有人类发育的水体，那些有发展的人，以及直接接收处理过的废水的那些。然后，我们比较了三种方法来评估在自然环境中暴露于CECs的鱼类的健康：精制鱼类健康评估指数（rFHI），组织病理学指标,和高通量(ToxCast)体外测定。最后,我们绘制了与确定的ToxCast测定相关的不良结果途径（AOPs），以确定水生系统内生物组织水平的潜在影响。这些方法适用于2017年和2019年从大Portage印第安人保留区（GPIR）和1854CedeTerritory收集的自给鱼。总的来说,在鱼组织中检测到24个CEC，除了一个位点之外的所有位点都具有至少一个检测。这些工具的组合实施表明，暴露于CECs的生存鱼具有组织学和宏观组织和器官异常；尽管，无法建立直接的因果关系。未开发地点的鱼类健康状况很差，或者有时更穷，基于总体和组织学组织病变，在发达和废水废水受影响的地点比鱼类更重要。AOP揭示了单个CEC对鱼类的潜在危险途径。更好地了解CEC如何影响捕捞的野生鱼类的健康，可能有助于优先考虑风险管理研究工作，并最终可用于指导渔业管理和公共卫生决策。
