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Abstract：
Objective: Retinal neuronal and vascular changes have been observed in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. The aim of this review was to highlight the most current optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) data in MS and to provide information about the possibility of using OCT / OCT-A parameters as biomarkers for screening, diagnosis and monitoring of MS. Methods: To carry out this review, a meticulous literature search was undergone on PubMed between 2014 and the present day, using the following terms: \"multiple\", \"sclerosis\", \"optical\", \"coherence\", \"tomography\" and \"angiography\". Additional studies were found via references, being chosen according to relevance. Results: Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and ganglion cell layer (GCL) were significantly lower in MS patients compared to controls, and correlated with clinical and paraclinical variables, such as visual function, disability, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Retinal capillary plexuses could be higher, lower or the same, and the best OCT-A microvasculature parameter for the detection of MS was the superficial capillary plexus (SCP). The reduced retinal vessel density (VD) was correlated with the disability in MS. Conclusions: OCT and OCT-A parameters could improve the development of retinal biomarkers for screening, early diagnosis and monitoring the disease progression of MS, and they could improve the development of potential future therapies that could slow or stop the course of this incurable disease. Abbreviations: DCP = deep capillary plexus; EDSS = Expanded Disability Status Scale; GCC = ganglion cell complex; GCL = ganglion cell layer; MRI = magnetic resonance imaging; MS = Multiple sclerosis; OCT = optical coherence tomography; OCT-A = optical coherence tomography angiography; ON = optic neuritis; RNFL = retinal nerve fiber layer; SCP = superficial capillary plexus; VD = vessel density.
摘要：
目的：在多发性硬化（MS）患者中观察到视网膜神经元和血管的变化。这篇综述的目的是强调MS中最新的光学相干断层扫描（OCT）和光学相干断层扫描血管造影（OCT-A）数据，并提供有关使用OCT/OCT-A参数作为生物标志物进行筛查的可能性的信息。MS的诊断和监测。方法：对本文进行综述，2014年至今，在PubMed上进行了细致的文献检索，使用以下术语：\“多个\”，“硬化症”，\"光学\",\"连贯性\",“断层摄影术”和“血管造影”。通过参考文献发现了其他研究，根据相关性选择。结果：MS患者的视网膜神经纤维层（RNFL）和神经节细胞层（GCL）明显低于对照组，并与临床和临床变量相关，如视觉功能，残疾,磁共振成像（MRI）。视网膜毛细血管丛可能更高，更低或相同，检测MS的最佳OCT-A微血管参数是浅表毛细血管丛（SCP）。视网膜血管密度（VD）降低与MS的残疾有关。结论:OCT和OCT-A参数可以改善视网膜生物标志物的筛选,早期诊断和监测MS的疾病进展，它们可以改善未来潜在疗法的发展，这些疗法可以减缓或阻止这种无法治愈的疾病的进程。缩写：DCP=深毛细血管丛；EDSS=扩展的残疾状态量表；GCC=神经节细胞复合体；GCL=神经节细胞层；MRI=磁共振成像；MS=多发性硬化；OCT=光学相干断层扫描；OCT-A=光学相干断层扫描血管造影；ON=视神经炎；RNFL=视网膜神经纤维层；SCP=浅表毛细血管丛；VD=血管密度。
