Abstract：
Rhipicephalus ticks transmit important tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) such as Anaplasma, Babesia, and Theileria spp. which cause major economic losses in livestock production and contribute to emerging zoonotic diseases. A vast amount of data is available based on the demonstration of these pathogens in various host tissues, with limited information on the prevalence of these TBPs and their vectors. Quantifying TBPs infection rates among Rhipicephalus spp. is essential for the effective control and management of TBDs in domestic animals and surveillance of emerging diseases in humans, as they have close social associations. This review summarizes the prevalence of TBPs in Rhipicephalus spp. from domestic animals of Africa. A thorough search was done in SCOPUS, Web of Knowledge, PubMed, Google Scholar, and library sources from 2000 to 2022. All research in Africa reporting TBPs infection rates in Rhipicephalus spp. were included in the selection criteria. The meta-analysis evaluated publication bias using funnel plots to analyze the observed heterogeneity and applied a quality effects model. Prevalence estimates were based on data from 46 studies reporting TBPs infection rates in Rhipicephalus spp. from northern and sub-Saharan Africa. Sub-group analysis was done by geographic region and tick genus. A total of 12,368 Rhipicephalus spp. collected from domestic animals in Africa were used in the meta-analysis. The quality effects model revealed a high degree of heterogeneity among studies on the various TBPs. The overall prevalence of detected TBPs such as Theileria spp. was 8% (95% CI: 3-15%), Rickettsia spp. 3% (95% CI: 0-9%), Ehrlichia spp. 7% (95% CI: 2-14%), Anaplasma spp. 8% (95% CI: 2-16%), Coxiella spp. 10% (95% CI: 1-26%) and Babesia spp. 6% (95% CI: 2-12%). Northern Africa had the highest prevalence of Anaplasma spp. 12% (95% CI: 3-25%) and Theileria spp. 16% (95% CI: 0-42%). Whilst West Africa had the highest prevalence for Ehrlichia spp. 12% (95% CI: 3-24%) and eastern Africa for Rickettsia spp. 8% (95% CI: 4-12%). This is a systematic and quantitative investigation of the various TBPs detected in Rhipicephalus tick vectors from domestic animal hosts in Africa. The findings demonstrate considerable species variation across the African continent and offer preliminary estimates of infection rates for the continent.
摘要：
触毛蜱传播重要的蜱传病原体（TBP），如无性体，巴贝西亚,和Theileriaspp.在畜牧业生产中造成重大经济损失，并导致新出现的人畜共患疾病。基于这些病原体在各种宿主组织中的证明，可以获得大量数据，关于这些TBP及其载体的患病率的信息有限。定量根瘤菌中的TBP感染率。对于有效控制和管理家畜中的TBD以及监测人类新出现的疾病至关重要，因为他们有密切的社会联系。本文综述了TBP在根孢中的流行情况。来自非洲的家畜。在SCOPUS进行了彻底的搜索，WebofKnowledge,PubMed,谷歌学者，以及2000年至2022年的图书馆资料。非洲的所有研究都报告了Rhipicephalusspp的TBP感染率。包括在选择标准中。荟萃分析使用漏斗图分析观察到的异质性，并应用质量效应模型评估发表偏倚。患病率估计基于46项研究的数据，这些研究报告了Rhipicephalusspp的TBP感染率。来自非洲北部和撒哈拉以南地区。按地理区域和蜱属进行亚组分析。总共有12,368个Rhipicephalusspp。从非洲家畜中收集的数据用于荟萃分析。质量效应模型揭示了各种TBP研究之间的高度异质性。检测到的TBP的总体患病率，例如Theileriaspp。为8%（95%CI：3-15%），立克次体属。3%（95%CI：0-9%），埃里希菌属。7%（95%CI：2-14%），支原体属。8%（95%CI：2-16%），柯希拉属。10%（95%CI：1-26%）和巴贝虫属。6%（95%CI：2-12%）。北非的anap理虫患病率最高。12%（95%CI：3-25%）和西里氏菌属。16%（95%CI：0-42%）。虽然西非的埃里希菌属流行率最高。立克次体属12％（95％CI：3-24％）和东部非洲。8%（95%CI：4-12%）。这是对非洲家畜宿主Rhipicephalustick载体中检测到的各种TBP的系统和定量研究。研究结果表明，整个非洲大陆的物种差异很大，并提供了该大陆感染率的初步估计。
