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Abstract：
Research into genetic and physiological mechanisms of widespread disorders such as arterial hypertension as well as neuropsychiatric and other human diseases is urgently needed in academic and practical medicine and in the field of biology. Nevertheless, such studies have many limitations and pose difficulties that can be overcome by using animal models. To date, for the purposes of creating animal models of human pathologies, several approaches have been used: pharmacological/chemical intervention; surgical procedures; genetic technologies for creating transgenic animals, knockouts, or knockdowns; and breeding. Although some of these approaches are good for certain research aims, they have many drawbacks, the greatest being a strong perturbation (in a biological system) that, along with the expected effect, exerts side effects in the study. Therefore, for investigating the pathogenesis of a disease, models obtained using genetic selection for a target trait are of high value as this approach allows for the creation of a model with a \"natural\" manifestation of the pathology. In this review, three rat models are described: ISIAH rats (arterial hypertension), GC rats (catatonia), and PM rats (audiogenic epilepsy), which are developed by breeding in the Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics at the Institute of Cytology and Genetics (the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences).
摘要：
在学术和实践医学以及生物学领域中，迫切需要对诸如动脉高血压以及神经精神和其他人类疾病等广泛疾病的遗传和生理机制进行研究。然而，这些研究有许多局限性，并提出了可以通过使用动物模型克服的困难。迄今为止,为了创建人类病理的动物模型，已经使用了几种方法:药理/化学干预;外科手术;创造转基因动物的遗传技术,淘汰赛,或击倒；和繁殖。尽管其中一些方法对某些研究目标有好处，它们有很多缺点，最大的是强烈的扰动（在生物系统中），随着预期的效果，在研究中产生副作用。因此,为了研究疾病的发病机理，使用目标性状的遗传选择获得的模型具有很高的价值，因为这种方法可以创建具有病理“自然”表现的模型。在这次审查中,描述了三种大鼠模型：ISIAH大鼠（动脉高血压），GC大鼠（紧张症），和PM大鼠（听源性癫痫），它是通过在细胞学和遗传学研究所（俄罗斯科学院西伯利亚分院）的进化遗传学实验室进行育种而开发的。
