Abstract：
This paper proposes that resources from philosophy as a way of life (PWL), in particular the prescription of targeted \'spiritual exercises\' (Hadot) can be used in palliative counselling, addressing Alexandrova\'s critique that philosophy as \'big picture\' theories alone are insufficient. Part I shows how the disciplines of philosophy and medicine for a long time intersected, in particular in competing prescriptive notions of \'regimen\' or \'way of life\' (diaitês) in the ancient world, in which philosophy was considered widely as PWL. Part II applies PWL work on the ancient philosophical spiritual exercises to contemporary clinical settings. We show how six ancient spiritual exercises respond to patients\' needs as persons, whose quality of life is importantly shaped by their beliefs and sense-making, as they face profound existential or spiritual challenges, as well as forms of physical disability and diminished capabilities which they may never have previously countenanced.
摘要：
本文提出，作为一种生活方式的哲学资源(PWL)，特别是有针对性的“精神锻炼”（Hadot）的处方可以用于姑息咨询，解决亚历山德罗娃的批评，即哲学作为“大局”理论是不够的。第一部分展示了哲学和医学学科如何长时间交叉，特别是在古代世界的“养生法”或“生活方式”（diaitäs）的竞争性规定概念中，其中哲学被广泛认为是PWL。第二部分将PWL关于古代哲学精神练习的工作应用于当代临床环境。我们展示了六个古老的精神练习如何回应患者作为人的需求，他们的生活质量取决于他们的信仰和理智，当他们面临深刻的生存或精神挑战时，以及他们以前从未支持过的身体残疾和能力下降的形式。
