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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Pseudomembranous cystitis (PMC) in cats is a recognized disease, but concurrent mineralization is reported rarely and its outcome is poorly described.
OBJECTIVE: Describe a population of cats with PMC and the prevalence of concurrent mineralization.
METHODS: Twenty-six cats with PMC.
METHODS: Medical records were retrospectively reviewed (January 2016 to December 2021). Cats with an ultrasound diagnosis of PMC were included. Clinicopathologic results, imaging, treatment, and outcome were reviewed.
RESULTS: All cats were male and 21 (80%) were diagnosed with urethral obstruction (UO). Five cats (23.8%) had positive urine culture (Staphylococcus felis, 3/5; Proteus mirabilis, 2/5) with a median urine pH of 8 (range, 6-9). All cats had ultrasonographic changes suggestive of mineralization. On ultrasound examination, 10 cats (38.5%) had pseudomembranes with acoustic shadowing suggestive of mineralization, 15 (57.7%) had changes indicative of ulceration, and 8 (31%) had changes compatible with of a urachal anomaly. Twenty-two cats received medical treatment, 4 underwent surgery (3 percutaneous cystolithotomy, 1 cystotomy). Twenty cats (77%) survived to discharge. Follow-up ultrasound examination indicated resolution of PMC in 6/7 cats, 4 had persistent hyperechoic bladder lining. Five of 12 cats with follow-up had a relapse of lower urinary tract signs.
CONCLUSIONS: Pseudomembranous cystitis was diagnosed mainly in male cats with UO and imaging findings suggestive of mineralization were present in all cases. Frequent negative urine culture suggests a different etiology than encrusting cystitis related to urease-positive bacteria. Good outcomes can be achieved with medical management.
OBJECTIVE: Describe a population of cats with PMC and the prevalence of concurrent mineralization.
METHODS: Twenty-six cats with PMC.
METHODS: Medical records were retrospectively reviewed (January 2016 to December 2021). Cats with an ultrasound diagnosis of PMC were included. Clinicopathologic results, imaging, treatment, and outcome were reviewed.
RESULTS: All cats were male and 21 (80%) were diagnosed with urethral obstruction (UO). Five cats (23.8%) had positive urine culture (Staphylococcus felis, 3/5; Proteus mirabilis, 2/5) with a median urine pH of 8 (range, 6-9). All cats had ultrasonographic changes suggestive of mineralization. On ultrasound examination, 10 cats (38.5%) had pseudomembranes with acoustic shadowing suggestive of mineralization, 15 (57.7%) had changes indicative of ulceration, and 8 (31%) had changes compatible with of a urachal anomaly. Twenty-two cats received medical treatment, 4 underwent surgery (3 percutaneous cystolithotomy, 1 cystotomy). Twenty cats (77%) survived to discharge. Follow-up ultrasound examination indicated resolution of PMC in 6/7 cats, 4 had persistent hyperechoic bladder lining. Five of 12 cats with follow-up had a relapse of lower urinary tract signs.
CONCLUSIONS: Pseudomembranous cystitis was diagnosed mainly in male cats with UO and imaging findings suggestive of mineralization were present in all cases. Frequent negative urine culture suggests a different etiology than encrusting cystitis related to urease-positive bacteria. Good outcomes can be achieved with medical management.
摘要：
背景：猫的伪膜性膀胱炎（PMC）是一种公认的疾病，但是很少报道并发矿化，其结果描述不佳。
目的：描述患有PMC的猫群和并发矿化的患病率。
方法：26只PMC猫。
方法：对病历进行回顾性分析（2016年1月至2021年12月）。包括超声诊断为PMC的猫。临床病理结果,成像,治疗,和结果进行了审查。
结果：所有猫均为雄性，21只（80％）被诊断为尿道梗阻（UO）。五只猫（23.8％）的尿液培养阳性（葡萄球菌，3/5;奇异变形杆菌，2/5），尿液pH中位数为8（范围，6-9).所有猫都有提示矿化的超声检查变化。在超声检查中，10只猫（38.5％）有假膜，有提示矿化的声音阴影，15人（57.7%）有指示溃疡的变化，8例（31％）的变化与脐尿异常相符。22只猫接受了治疗，4例接受手术（3例经皮膀胱切开取石术，1膀胱切开术）。20只猫(77%)存活出院。随访超声检查显示6/7只猫的PMC分辨率，4具有持续性高回声膀胱衬里。接受随访的12只猫中有5只下尿路体征复发。
结论：伪膜性膀胱炎主要诊断为UO的雄性猫，所有病例均存在提示矿化的影像学表现。频繁的尿培养阴性表明与尿素酶阳性细菌相关的膀胱炎的病因不同。通过医疗管理可以取得良好的结果。
目的：描述患有PMC的猫群和并发矿化的患病率。
方法：26只PMC猫。
方法：对病历进行回顾性分析（2016年1月至2021年12月）。包括超声诊断为PMC的猫。临床病理结果,成像,治疗,和结果进行了审查。
结果：所有猫均为雄性，21只（80％）被诊断为尿道梗阻（UO）。五只猫（23.8％）的尿液培养阳性（葡萄球菌，3/5;奇异变形杆菌，2/5），尿液pH中位数为8（范围，6-9).所有猫都有提示矿化的超声检查变化。在超声检查中，10只猫（38.5％）有假膜，有提示矿化的声音阴影，15人（57.7%）有指示溃疡的变化，8例（31％）的变化与脐尿异常相符。22只猫接受了治疗，4例接受手术（3例经皮膀胱切开取石术，1膀胱切开术）。20只猫(77%)存活出院。随访超声检查显示6/7只猫的PMC分辨率，4具有持续性高回声膀胱衬里。接受随访的12只猫中有5只下尿路体征复发。
结论：伪膜性膀胱炎主要诊断为UO的雄性猫，所有病例均存在提示矿化的影像学表现。频繁的尿培养阴性表明与尿素酶阳性细菌相关的膀胱炎的病因不同。通过医疗管理可以取得良好的结果。
