PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Single-cell C4 (SCC4) plants with bienertioid anatomy carry out photosynthesis in a single cell. Chloroplast movement is the underlying phenomenon, where chloroplast unusual positioning 1 (CHUP1) plays a key role. This study aimed to characterize CHUP1 and CHUP1-like proteins in an SCC4 photosynthetic plant, Bienertia sinuspersici. Also, a comparative analysis of SCC4 CHUP1 was made with C3, C4, and CAM model plants including an extant basal angiosperm, Amborella. The CHUP1 gene exists as a single copy from the basal angiosperms to SCC4 plants. Our analysis identified that Chenopodium quinoa, a recently duplicated allotetraploid, has two copies of CHUP1. In addition, the numbers of CHUP1-like and its associated proteins such as CHUP1-like_a, CHUP1-like_b, HPR, TPR, and ABP varied between the species. Hidden Markov Model analysis showed that the gene size of CHUP1-like_a and CHUP1-like_b of SCC4 species, Bienertia, and Suaeda were enlarged than other plants. Also, we identified that CHUP1-like_a and CHUP1-like_b are absent in Arabidopsis and Amborella, respectively. Motif analysis identified several conserved and variable motifs based on the orders (monocot and dicot) as well as photosynthetic pathways. For instance, CAM plants such as pineapple and cactus shared certain motifs of CHUP1-like_a irrespective of their distant phylogenetic relationship. The free ratio model showed that CHUP1 maintained purifying selection, whereas CHUP1-like_a and CHUP1-like_b have adaptive functions between SCC4 plants and quinoa. Similarly, rice and maize branches displayed functional diversification on CHUP1-like_b. Relative gene expression data showed that during the subcellular compartmentalization process of Bienertia, CHUP1 and actin-binding proteins (ABP) genes showed a similar pattern of expression. Altogether, the results of this study provide insight into the evolutionary and functional details of CHUP1 and its associated proteins in the development of the SCC4 system in comparison with other C3, C4, and CAM model plants.
摘要：
具有双核解剖结构的单细胞C4（SCC4）植物在单细胞中进行光合作用。叶绿体运动是潜在的现象，其中叶绿体异常定位1（CHUP1）起关键作用。本研究旨在表征SCC4光合植物中的CHUP1和CHUP1样蛋白，Bienertia正弦曲线。此外，SCC4CHUP1与C3，C4和CAM模型植物（包括现存的基底被子植物）进行了比较分析，Amborella.CHUP1基因以单拷贝形式存在，从基础被子植物到SCC4植物。我们的分析发现藜麦，最近复制的异源四倍体，有两个CHUP1副本。此外,CHUP1样及其相关蛋白如CHUP1样a的数量，CHUP1-like_b,HPR,TPR,和ABP在物种之间变化。隐马尔可夫模型分析表明,SCC4物种CHUP1-like_a和CHUP1-like_b的基因大小,Bienertia,和Suaeda比其他植物扩大。此外，我们发现拟南芥和Amborella中不存在CHUP1样a和CHUP1样b，分别。基序分析根据顺序（单子叶和双子叶植物）以及光合途径确定了几个保守和可变的基序。例如,菠萝和仙人掌等CAM植物共享CHUP1-like_a的某些基序，而与它们的远距系统发育关系无关。自由比模型表明，CHUP1保持了纯化选择，而CHUP1样a和CHUP1样b在SCC4植物和藜麦之间具有适应功能。同样，水稻和玉米枝条在CHUP1-like_b上表现出功能多样化。相关基因表达数据表明，在Bienertia的亚细胞区室化过程中，CHUP1和肌动蛋白结合蛋白（ABP）基因显示出相似的表达模式。总之,这项研究的结果提供了与其他C3，C4和CAM模型植物相比，CHUP1及其相关蛋白在SCC4系统发育中的进化和功能细节。
