PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The excessive application of pesticides and fertilizers has generated losses in biological diversity, environmental pollution, and harmful effects on human health. Under this context, nanotechnology constitutes an innovative tool to alleviate these problems. Notably, applying nanocarriers as controlled release systems (CRSs) for agrochemicals can overcome the limitations of conventional products. A CRS for agrochemicals is an eco-friendly strategy for the ecosystem and human health. Nanopesticides based on synthetic and natural polymers, nanoemulsions, lipid nanoparticles, and nanofibers reduce phytopathogens and plant diseases. Nanoproducts designed with an environmentally responsive, controlled release offer great potential to create formulations that respond to specific environmental stimuli. The formulation of nanofertilizers is focused on enhancing the action of nutrients and growth stimulators, which show an improved nutrient release with site-specific action using nanohydroxyapatite, nanoclays, chitosan nanoparticles, mesoporous silica nanoparticles, and amorphous calcium phosphate. However, despite the noticeable results for nanopesticides and nanofertilizers, research still needs to be improved. Here, we review the relevant antecedents in this topic and discuss limitations and future challenges.
摘要：
农药和化肥的过度施用造成了生物多样性的损失,环境污染,以及对人类健康的有害影响。在此背景下,纳米技术构成了缓解这些问题的创新工具。值得注意的是,将纳米载体用作农用化学品的控释系统（CRS）可以克服常规产品的局限性。农用化学品的CRS是生态系统和人类健康的生态友好战略。基于合成和天然聚合物的纳米农药，纳米乳液，脂质纳米粒，和纳米纤维减少植物病原体和植物病害。纳米产品设计与环境响应，控制释放提供了巨大的潜力，创造配方，以响应特定的环境刺激。纳米肥料的配方专注于增强营养素和生长刺激剂的作用，使用纳米羟基磷灰石显示出改善的营养释放与特定部位的作用，纳米粘土，壳聚糖纳米粒,介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒，和无定形磷酸钙。然而,尽管纳米农药和纳米肥料取得了显著的成果，研究仍需改进。这里,我们回顾了该主题的相关先例，并讨论了局限性和未来的挑战。
