Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this scoping review was to explore the evidence relating to master\'s education for leadership development in adult/general nurses who are not in advanced practice or leadership roles and its impact on practice.
BACKGROUND: The importance of effective, clinical leadership in nursing and health care, has been highlighted following failings reported by Public Inquiries both nationally and internationally. While initiatives have been implemented to address these, the provision of safe, quality care remains problematic. Complex care requires highly skilled professionals to challenge and lead improvements in practice. Master\'s education results in graduates with the skills and confidence to make these changes and to become the clinical leaders of the future.
METHODS: An a priori scoping review protocol was developed by the review team. This was used to undertake searches across CINAHL Ultimate; Medline (Ovid), Scopus and ProQuest Complete databases, chosen due to their relevance to the subject area. Articles were limited to those in the English Language, peer reviewed and published since 2009. Citation chaining via the reference lists of frequently identified articles were also searched. A further search for relevant grey material using the same relevant keywords and phrases was performed using the limited, Trip Database and Google Scholar.
RESULTS: Eight articles were selected for data extraction, and these were published between 2011 and 2019. The articles were predominantly from the UK and Europe, with a focus either on master\'s education or on aspects of leadership in nursing and healthcare. Themes identified: a) The need for clinical leadership; b) master\'s education for clinical leadership skills; and c) master\'s education for professional and organisational outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS: The scoping review identified that there is a need for strong clinical leadership in the practice setting. Evidence shows that effective nursing leadership can improve patient outcomes as well as enhancing workplace culture and staff retention. The review has shown that the skills required for clinical leadership are those produced by master\'s education. Studies of the impact of master\'s education are often self reported and tend to focus on nurses in advanced practice roles. More research is required into master\'s education for adult/general nurses not in advanced roles and in examining the link between master\'s education and improved patient, professional and organisational outcomes.
BACKGROUND: The importance of effective, clinical leadership in nursing and health care, has been highlighted following failings reported by Public Inquiries both nationally and internationally. While initiatives have been implemented to address these, the provision of safe, quality care remains problematic. Complex care requires highly skilled professionals to challenge and lead improvements in practice. Master\'s education results in graduates with the skills and confidence to make these changes and to become the clinical leaders of the future.
METHODS: An a priori scoping review protocol was developed by the review team. This was used to undertake searches across CINAHL Ultimate; Medline (Ovid), Scopus and ProQuest Complete databases, chosen due to their relevance to the subject area. Articles were limited to those in the English Language, peer reviewed and published since 2009. Citation chaining via the reference lists of frequently identified articles were also searched. A further search for relevant grey material using the same relevant keywords and phrases was performed using the limited, Trip Database and Google Scholar.
RESULTS: Eight articles were selected for data extraction, and these were published between 2011 and 2019. The articles were predominantly from the UK and Europe, with a focus either on master\'s education or on aspects of leadership in nursing and healthcare. Themes identified: a) The need for clinical leadership; b) master\'s education for clinical leadership skills; and c) master\'s education for professional and organisational outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS: The scoping review identified that there is a need for strong clinical leadership in the practice setting. Evidence shows that effective nursing leadership can improve patient outcomes as well as enhancing workplace culture and staff retention. The review has shown that the skills required for clinical leadership are those produced by master\'s education. Studies of the impact of master\'s education are often self reported and tend to focus on nurses in advanced practice roles. More research is required into master\'s education for adult/general nurses not in advanced roles and in examining the link between master\'s education and improved patient, professional and organisational outcomes.
摘要：
目的：本次范围界定综述的目的是探讨未担任高级实践或领导角色的成人/普通护士领导能力发展硕士教育的相关证据及其对实践的影响。
背景：有效的重要性，护理和保健方面的临床领导，在国内和国际公众调查报告的失败之后，已经得到了强调。虽然已经实施了解决这些问题的举措，提供安全、优质护理仍然存在问题。复杂的护理需要高技能的专业人员来在实践中挑战和领导改进。硕士教育的结果是毕业生的技能和信心，使这些变化，并成为未来的临床领导者。
方法：审查小组制定了一个先验范围审查方案。这被用来进行跨CINAHLUltimate的搜索；Medline(Ovid)，Scopus和ProQuestComplete数据库,由于它们与主题领域的相关性而选择。文章仅限于英语，自2009年以来，同行评审并发表。还搜索了通过经常识别的文章的参考列表进行的引文链接。使用相同的相关关键字和短语进一步搜索相关灰色材料，旅行数据库和谷歌学者。
结果：选择了8篇文章进行数据提取，这些都是在2011年至2019年之间发布的。这些文章主要来自英国和欧洲，专注于硕士教育或护理和医疗保健方面的领导力。确定的主题：a）临床领导的需要；b）临床领导技能的硕士教育；c）专业和组织成果的硕士教育。
结论：范围审查确定在实践环境中需要强有力的临床领导。证据表明，有效的护理领导可以改善患者的预后，并增强工作场所文化和员工保留率。审查表明，临床领导所需的技能是由硕士教育产生的。关于硕士教育影响的研究通常是自我报告的，并且倾向于关注高级实践角色的护士。需要更多的研究来研究不是高级角色的成人/普通护士的硕士教育，以及检查硕士教育与改善患者之间的联系，专业和组织成果。
背景：有效的重要性，护理和保健方面的临床领导，在国内和国际公众调查报告的失败之后，已经得到了强调。虽然已经实施了解决这些问题的举措，提供安全、优质护理仍然存在问题。复杂的护理需要高技能的专业人员来在实践中挑战和领导改进。硕士教育的结果是毕业生的技能和信心，使这些变化，并成为未来的临床领导者。
方法：审查小组制定了一个先验范围审查方案。这被用来进行跨CINAHLUltimate的搜索；Medline(Ovid)，Scopus和ProQuestComplete数据库,由于它们与主题领域的相关性而选择。文章仅限于英语，自2009年以来，同行评审并发表。还搜索了通过经常识别的文章的参考列表进行的引文链接。使用相同的相关关键字和短语进一步搜索相关灰色材料，旅行数据库和谷歌学者。
结果：选择了8篇文章进行数据提取，这些都是在2011年至2019年之间发布的。这些文章主要来自英国和欧洲，专注于硕士教育或护理和医疗保健方面的领导力。确定的主题：a）临床领导的需要；b）临床领导技能的硕士教育；c）专业和组织成果的硕士教育。
结论：范围审查确定在实践环境中需要强有力的临床领导。证据表明，有效的护理领导可以改善患者的预后，并增强工作场所文化和员工保留率。审查表明，临床领导所需的技能是由硕士教育产生的。关于硕士教育影响的研究通常是自我报告的，并且倾向于关注高级实践角色的护士。需要更多的研究来研究不是高级角色的成人/普通护士的硕士教育，以及检查硕士教育与改善患者之间的联系，专业和组织成果。
