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Abstract：
Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive malignancy comprising approximately 15% of lung cancers. Only one-third of patients are diagnosed at limited-stage (LS). Surgical resection can be curative in early stages, followed by platinum-etoposide adjuvant therapy, although only a minority of patients with SCLC qualify for surgery. Concurrent chemo-radiotherapy is the standard of care for LS-SCLC that is not surgically resectable, followed by prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) for patients without progression. For extensive-stage (ES)-SCLC, a combination of platinum and etoposide has historically been a mainstay of treatment. Recently, the efficacy of programmed death-ligand 1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy has become the new front-line standard of care for ES-SCLC. Emerging knowledge regarding SCLC biology, including genomic characterization and molecular subtyping, and new treatment approaches will potentially lead to advances in SCLC patient care.
摘要：
小细胞肺癌（SCLC）是一种高度侵袭性的恶性肿瘤，约占肺癌的15％。只有三分之一的患者被诊断为局限期（LS）。手术切除可以在早期治愈，其次是铂-依托泊苷辅助治疗，尽管只有少数SCLC患者符合手术资格.同步放化疗是不可手术切除的LS-SCLC的标准护理，然后对无进展的患者进行预防性颅骨照射（PCI）。对于广泛阶段(ES)-SCLC，铂和依托泊苷的组合历来是治疗的支柱。最近,程序性死亡-配体1抑制剂联合化疗的疗效已成为ES-SCLC新的一线治疗标准.关于SCLC生物学的新兴知识，包括基因组特征和分子亚型，和新的治疗方法将可能导致SCLC患者护理的进步。
