Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study is to examine the changes in core muscle functions during pregnancy.
METHODS: Our study was carried out in 67 primigravida pregnant women. Superficial electromyography (EMG) and non-invasive 2D/3D ultrasonography (USG) were used to evaluate core muscle (diaphragm, transversus abdominus [TA], internal oblique [IO]-external oblique [EO] muscles, pelvic floor muscles, multifidus) function during pregnancy. Pelvic floor muscle strength was also measured by a digital palpation method (PERFECT system). USG was used to measure expected fetal weight and the diastasis recti (DR) distance. Mann-Whitney U test was used to show changes in trimesters in the core muscles, and Spearman correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship.
RESULTS: In the third trimester, an nonsignificant increase in EMG parameters was observed in all of the core muscles. Although a statistically significant decrease was observed in muscle thickness values measured by EO and IO USG in the third trimester, DR was found to increase at all levels (p < 0.005). When we evaluated both trimesters and all pregnant women together, no relationship was found between all core muscles and pelvic floor muscles in the data evaluated by EMG and USG. We found a negative correlation in USG values between fetal weight and IO and the upper part of the rectus abdominus muscle, and a positive correlation between the EMG data of the EO and rectus abdominus muscles.
CONCLUSIONS: In women, the coactivation relationship between the core muscles may disappear during pregnancy. As the trimesters progress during pregnancy, a decrease in thickness and an increase in muscle activity can be observed in the core muscles. Pregnant women can be given exercise training for core muscles for protection in both the prenatal and postnatal periods. But more research needs to be done.
METHODS: Our study was carried out in 67 primigravida pregnant women. Superficial electromyography (EMG) and non-invasive 2D/3D ultrasonography (USG) were used to evaluate core muscle (diaphragm, transversus abdominus [TA], internal oblique [IO]-external oblique [EO] muscles, pelvic floor muscles, multifidus) function during pregnancy. Pelvic floor muscle strength was also measured by a digital palpation method (PERFECT system). USG was used to measure expected fetal weight and the diastasis recti (DR) distance. Mann-Whitney U test was used to show changes in trimesters in the core muscles, and Spearman correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship.
RESULTS: In the third trimester, an nonsignificant increase in EMG parameters was observed in all of the core muscles. Although a statistically significant decrease was observed in muscle thickness values measured by EO and IO USG in the third trimester, DR was found to increase at all levels (p < 0.005). When we evaluated both trimesters and all pregnant women together, no relationship was found between all core muscles and pelvic floor muscles in the data evaluated by EMG and USG. We found a negative correlation in USG values between fetal weight and IO and the upper part of the rectus abdominus muscle, and a positive correlation between the EMG data of the EO and rectus abdominus muscles.
CONCLUSIONS: In women, the coactivation relationship between the core muscles may disappear during pregnancy. As the trimesters progress during pregnancy, a decrease in thickness and an increase in muscle activity can be observed in the core muscles. Pregnant women can be given exercise training for core muscles for protection in both the prenatal and postnatal periods. But more research needs to be done.
摘要：
目的：我们研究的目的是检查怀孕期间核心肌肉功能的变化。
方法：我们的研究是在67名孕妇中进行的。使用表面肌电图（EMG）和无创2D/3D超声检查（USG）评估核心肌（diaphragm肌，腹肌变性[TA]，内斜[IO]-外斜[EO]肌肉，盆底肌肉,多裂）在怀孕期间的功能。还通过数字触诊方法(PERFECT系统)测量盆底肌肉力量。USG用于测量预期胎儿体重和直肠舒张（DR）距离。Mann-WhitneyU检验用于显示核心肌肉三个月的变化，采用Spearman相关分析确定两者的关系。
结果：在妊娠晚期，在所有核心肌肉中观察到EMG参数无显著增加.尽管在妊娠晚期观察到EO和IOUSG测量的肌肉厚度值在统计学上显着下降，发现DR在所有水平都增加(p<0.005)。当我们一起评估三个月和所有孕妇时，在通过EMG和USG评估的数据中,未发现所有核心肌肉和盆底肌肉之间存在相关性.我们发现胎儿体重和IO与腹直肌上部之间的USG值呈负相关，EO和腹直肌的EMG数据之间呈正相关。
结论：在女性中，核心肌肉之间的共激活关系可能在怀孕期间消失。随着怀孕期间三个月的进展，在核心肌肉中可以观察到厚度的减少和肌肉活动的增加。孕妇可以在产前和产后进行核心肌肉的运动训练，以进行保护。但是需要做更多的研究。
方法：我们的研究是在67名孕妇中进行的。使用表面肌电图（EMG）和无创2D/3D超声检查（USG）评估核心肌（diaphragm肌，腹肌变性[TA]，内斜[IO]-外斜[EO]肌肉，盆底肌肉,多裂）在怀孕期间的功能。还通过数字触诊方法(PERFECT系统)测量盆底肌肉力量。USG用于测量预期胎儿体重和直肠舒张（DR）距离。Mann-WhitneyU检验用于显示核心肌肉三个月的变化，采用Spearman相关分析确定两者的关系。
结果：在妊娠晚期，在所有核心肌肉中观察到EMG参数无显著增加.尽管在妊娠晚期观察到EO和IOUSG测量的肌肉厚度值在统计学上显着下降，发现DR在所有水平都增加(p<0.005)。当我们一起评估三个月和所有孕妇时，在通过EMG和USG评估的数据中,未发现所有核心肌肉和盆底肌肉之间存在相关性.我们发现胎儿体重和IO与腹直肌上部之间的USG值呈负相关，EO和腹直肌的EMG数据之间呈正相关。
结论：在女性中，核心肌肉之间的共激活关系可能在怀孕期间消失。随着怀孕期间三个月的进展，在核心肌肉中可以观察到厚度的减少和肌肉活动的增加。孕妇可以在产前和产后进行核心肌肉的运动训练，以进行保护。但是需要做更多的研究。
