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Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: To describe the development and outcome of mid-phase pinpoint hyperfluorescent spots (MPHS) on fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) in acute (< 7-day symptom onset) central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) patients.
METHODS: This retrospective study included acute CRAO patients who underwent multimodal imaging utilizing optical coherence tomography (OCT) and FFA between June 2017 and January 2023. The correlation of FFA images with the OCT images in various stages and severity of CRAO were studied.
RESULTS: Twenty-three FFA studies on 23 patients with acute CRAO were included. In 11 (48%) cases, an important finding noted on FFA was the presence of single or multiple MPHS with adjacent minimal late vascular leakage. Of these 11 cases, eight (73%) were males and median age was 41 years (inter quartile range: 33-55 years). Visual acuity ranged from \'light perception\' to 6/18, and these patients presented anytime on the same day to seven days after symptom onset. On OCT, three eyes had severe CRAO, seven eyes had moderate CRAO, and one eye had mild CRAO. MPHS were primarily observed at the posterior pole and more frequently observed in moderate CRAO severity. During follow-up, the MPHS and retinal vessel staining on FFA disappeared as the CRAO showed signs of resolution.
CONCLUSIONS: MPHS at the posterior pole on FFA in acute CRAO patients could indicate a more severe occlusion and poor visual outcomes, even after treatment. This finding is most likely caused by red blood cell aggregation or rouleaux formation.
BACKGROUND: Not applicable.
METHODS: This retrospective study included acute CRAO patients who underwent multimodal imaging utilizing optical coherence tomography (OCT) and FFA between June 2017 and January 2023. The correlation of FFA images with the OCT images in various stages and severity of CRAO were studied.
RESULTS: Twenty-three FFA studies on 23 patients with acute CRAO were included. In 11 (48%) cases, an important finding noted on FFA was the presence of single or multiple MPHS with adjacent minimal late vascular leakage. Of these 11 cases, eight (73%) were males and median age was 41 years (inter quartile range: 33-55 years). Visual acuity ranged from \'light perception\' to 6/18, and these patients presented anytime on the same day to seven days after symptom onset. On OCT, three eyes had severe CRAO, seven eyes had moderate CRAO, and one eye had mild CRAO. MPHS were primarily observed at the posterior pole and more frequently observed in moderate CRAO severity. During follow-up, the MPHS and retinal vessel staining on FFA disappeared as the CRAO showed signs of resolution.
CONCLUSIONS: MPHS at the posterior pole on FFA in acute CRAO patients could indicate a more severe occlusion and poor visual outcomes, even after treatment. This finding is most likely caused by red blood cell aggregation or rouleaux formation.
BACKGROUND: Not applicable.
摘要：
目的：描述急性（症状发作<7天）视网膜中央动脉阻塞（CRAO）患者眼底荧光素血管造影（FFA）中相高荧光斑点（MPHS）的发展和结果。
方法：这项回顾性研究包括在2017年6月至2023年1月期间使用光学相干断层扫描（OCT）和FFA进行多模态成像的急性CRAO患者。研究了FFA图像与OCT图像在CRAO各个阶段和严重程度的相关性。
结果：纳入23例急性CRAO患者的FFA研究。在11例(48%)中，在FFA上注意到的一个重要发现是存在单个或多个MPHS,并伴有相邻的最小晚期血管渗漏.在这11个案例中,8名(73%)为男性,中位年龄为41岁(四分位距:33-55岁).视力范围从“光感知”到6/18，这些患者在症状发作后的同一天至七天内出现。在OCT上,三只眼睛有严重的CRAO，七只眼睛有中度CRAO，一只眼睛有轻微的CRAO。MPHS主要在后极观察到，在中度CRAO严重程度中更常见。随访期间,随着CRAO显示消退的迹象，FFA上的MPHS和视网膜血管染色消失。
结论：急性CRAO患者FFA后极的MPHS可能表明更严重的闭塞和不良的视力结果，即使在治疗后。这一发现很可能是由红细胞聚集或红细胞形成引起的。
背景：不适用。
方法：这项回顾性研究包括在2017年6月至2023年1月期间使用光学相干断层扫描（OCT）和FFA进行多模态成像的急性CRAO患者。研究了FFA图像与OCT图像在CRAO各个阶段和严重程度的相关性。
结果：纳入23例急性CRAO患者的FFA研究。在11例(48%)中，在FFA上注意到的一个重要发现是存在单个或多个MPHS,并伴有相邻的最小晚期血管渗漏.在这11个案例中,8名(73%)为男性,中位年龄为41岁(四分位距:33-55岁).视力范围从“光感知”到6/18，这些患者在症状发作后的同一天至七天内出现。在OCT上,三只眼睛有严重的CRAO，七只眼睛有中度CRAO，一只眼睛有轻微的CRAO。MPHS主要在后极观察到，在中度CRAO严重程度中更常见。随访期间,随着CRAO显示消退的迹象，FFA上的MPHS和视网膜血管染色消失。
结论：急性CRAO患者FFA后极的MPHS可能表明更严重的闭塞和不良的视力结果，即使在治疗后。这一发现很可能是由红细胞聚集或红细胞形成引起的。
背景：不适用。
