PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Nicotine pouches are oral products that deliver nicotine without containing tobacco. Previous studies mainly focused on the determination of known tobacco toxicants, while yet no untargeted analysis has been published on unknown constituents, possibly contributing to toxicity. Furthermore, additives might enhance product attractiveness. We therefore performed an aroma screening with 48 different nicotine-containing and two nicotine-free pouches using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, following acidic and basic liquid-liquid extraction. For toxicological assessment of identified substances, European and international classifications for chemical and food safety were consulted. Further, ingredients listed on product packages were counted and grouped by function. Most abundant ingredients comprised sweeteners, aroma substances, humectants, fillers, and acidity regulators. 186 substances were identified. For some substances, acceptable daily intake limits set by European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) and Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives are likely exceeded by moderate pouch consumption. Eight hazardous substances are classified according to the European CLP regulation. Thirteen substances were not authorized as food flavorings by EFSA, among them impurities such as myosmine and ledol. Three substances were classified by International Agency for Research on Cancer as possibly carcinogenic to humans. The two nicotine-free pouches contain pharmacologically active ingredients such as ashwagandha extract and caffeine. The presence of potentially harmful substances may point to the need for regulation of additives in nicotine-containing and nicotine-free pouches that could be based on provisions for food additives. For sure, additives may not pretend positive health effects in case the product is used.
摘要：
尼古丁袋是递送尼古丁而不含烟草的口服产品。以往的研究主要集中在已知烟草毒物的测定，虽然还没有对未知成分进行非目标分析，可能导致毒性。此外，添加剂可能会增强产品的吸引力。因此，我们使用气相色谱与质谱联用，对48个不同的含尼古丁袋和两个无尼古丁袋进行了香气筛选。酸性和碱性液-液萃取。对于已识别物质的毒理学评估，咨询了欧洲和国际化学和食品安全分类。Further,产品包装上列出的成分按功能进行计数和分组.最丰富的成分包括甜味剂，芳香物质，湿润剂,填料,和酸度调节剂。共鉴定出186种物质。对于某些物质,欧洲食品安全局（EFSA）和粮农组织/世卫组织食品添加剂联合专家委员会设定的可接受的每日摄入量限制可能会超过适度的小袋消费。根据欧洲CLP法规对八种有害物质进行分类。有13种物质未被EFSA授权作为食品调味剂，其中的杂质，如肌油和ledol。国际癌症研究机构将三种物质归类为可能对人类致癌。这两个不含尼古丁的小袋含有药理活性成分，例如ashwagandha提取物和咖啡因。潜在有害物质的存在可能表明需要对含尼古丁和不含尼古丁的小袋中的添加剂进行监管，这可能是基于食品添加剂的规定。当然，如果使用该产品，添加剂可能不会假装对健康有积极影响。
