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Abstract：
The fungal cell wall is the initial barrier for the fungi against diverse external stresses, such as osmolarity changes, harmful drugs, and mechanical injuries. This study explores the roles of osmoregulation and the cell-wall integrity (CWI) pathway in response to high hydrostatic pressure in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We demonstrate the roles of the transmembrane mechanosensor Wsc1 and aquaglyceroporin Fps1 in a general mechanism to maintain cell growth under high-pressure regimes. The promotion of water influx into cells at 25 MPa, as evident by an increase in cell volume and a loss of the plasma membrane eisosome structure, activates the CWI pathway through the function of Wsc1. Phosphorylation of Slt2, the downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase, was increased at 25 MPa. Glycerol efflux increases via Fps1 phosphorylation, which is initiated by downstream components of the CWI pathway, and contributes to the reduction in intracellular osmolarity under high pressure. The elucidation of the mechanisms underlying adaptation to high pressure through the well-established CWI pathway could potentially translate to mammalian cells and provide novel insights into cellular mechanosensation.
摘要：
真菌细胞壁是真菌抵抗各种外部压力的最初屏障，如渗透压变化，有害药物,和机械伤害。这项研究探讨了渗透调节和细胞壁完整性（CWI）途径在酿酒酵母中对高静水压力的反应中的作用。我们证明了跨膜机械传感器Wsc1和水ceroporinFps1在维持高压状态下细胞生长的一般机制中的作用。25MPa时促进水流入细胞，细胞体积的增加和质膜eisoloms结构的丢失证明了这一点，通过Wsc1的功能激活CWI通路。Slt2的磷酸化，下游丝裂原活化蛋白激酶，在25MPa时增加。甘油外排通过Fps1磷酸化增加，由CWI途径的下游成分启动，并有助于在高压下降低细胞内渗透压。阐明通过完善的CWI途径适应高压的潜在机制可能会转化为哺乳动物细胞，并提供对细胞机械感觉的新见解。
