Abstract：
Trematodiases are diseases caused by snail-borne trematode parasites that infect both animals and humans. Fascioliasis, schistosomiasis and paramphistomosis are some of these diseases and they affect millions of livestock, leading to significant economic losses. The aim of the study was to document freshwater snails occurring in selected study sites in the Free State and Gauteng provinces as well as identify and detect larval trematodes that they harbour. Samples were collected from a total of five study sites within two provinces of South Africa. Morphological features were used to identify snail species and were further confirmed genetically by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The larval trematodes were also detected by PCR, PCR-Restriction Length Fragment Polymorphism (PCR-RLFP), sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. A total of 887 freshwater snails were collected from Free State (n = 343) and Gauteng (n = 544). Five different genera of snails as well as species in the Succineidae family were documented. The snails in descending order of abundance were identified as: Physa (P.) spp. (51%), Succineidae spp. (20%), Galba (G.) truncatula (12%), Pseudosuccinea (Ps.) columella (10%), Planorbella (Pl.) duryi (6%) and Bulinus (B.) truncatus (1%). Approximately 272 DNA pools were created for genetic identification of snails and detection of trematode parasites. Schistosoma species were not detected from any of the snail species. A total prevalence of 46% was obtained for Fasciola hepatica in the identified snail species across all study sites. Overall, the highest prevalence of F. hepatica was obtained in Physa species (24%), whilst the lowest was observed in B. truncatus snails (1%). Forty three percent (43%) of the snail samples were PCR positive for Paramphistomum DNA. This is the first report of P. mexicana in South Africa. Fasciola hepatica was confirmed from all obtained snail species per study site. This is the first reported detection of F. hepatica in Pl. duryi and P. mexicana snails as well as the first confirmation of natural infection from P. acuta in South Africa.
摘要：
吸虫蛋白酶是由感染动物和人类的蜗牛传播吸虫寄生虫引起的疾病。片状吸虫病,血吸虫病和两栖病是其中的一些疾病，它们影响着数百万的牲畜，造成重大经济损失。该研究的目的是记录在自由州和豪登省的选定研究地点发生的淡水蜗牛，并识别和检测它们所携带的幼虫吸虫。样本是从南非两个省内的总共五个研究地点收集的。形态特征用于鉴定蜗牛物种，并通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）进一步证实遗传，测序和系统发育分析。还通过PCR检测了幼虫吸虫，PCR-限制性长度片段多态性(PCR-RLFP),测序和系统发育分析。从自由州（n=343）和豪登省（n=544）共收集了887只淡水蜗牛。记录了五个不同的蜗牛属以及Succineidae家族中的物种。按丰度降序排列的蜗牛被鉴定为：Physa(P.)spp。（51%），Suuccineidaespp.(20%),加尔巴(G.)truncatula(12%)，假性（Ps。)小柱(10%)，Planorbella(Pl.)duryi(6%)和Bulinus(B.)截断(1%)。创建了大约272个DNA池，用于蜗牛的遗传鉴定和吸虫寄生虫的检测。从任何蜗牛物种中均未检测到血吸虫物种。在所有研究地点确定的蜗牛物种中，肝片吸虫的总患病率为46％。总的来说,肝菌的患病率最高的是Physa物种(24%)，而最低的是B.truncatus蜗牛（1％）。43％（43％）的蜗牛样品对两栖动物DNA呈PCR阳性。这是墨西哥墨西哥在南非的第一份报告。每个研究地点从所有获得的蜗牛物种中确认了肝片虫。这是在Pl中首次报道的肝肝菌的检测。duryi和P.mexicana蜗牛以及首次确认来自南非的P.acuta自然感染。
