Abstract：
Clinical complications are not expected in current space missions; however, for future long-duration missions to the Moon and Mars, a new perspective may be needed - a more clinical approach. Different risks, both environmental, such as radiation, accidents, and biopsychological, including neurological problems, represent potential sources of subsequent neurocognitive deficits.
This study aims to review research studies published to this date in microgravity conditions using existing spaceflight neurocognitive assessment batteries. This study also discusses the different risks of neuropsychological impairment in spaceflight and the potential benefits of increasing the clinical validity of these tools with neurological clinical samples on Earth for future long-duration missions.
A PRISMA guidelines-based review of specialized literature on neurocognitive assessment batteries and human spaceflight was performed. Different factors including type of tool or battery used, sample size, mission duration, etc. were included in this review. After the scrutiny of 192 articles, a total of 27 studies were detailed in the review outcome.
Results showed that neuropsychological function research target has changed over the years, with working memory and perception studies being predominant in the 80s and 90s while reaction time being more frequent in recent research. We also found a lack of language-related research in microgravity and the predominance of two neurocognitive assessment batteries in microgravity research.
With this study, we want to emphasize the importance of increasing the clinical validity of neurocognitive or neuropsychological assessment tools to be used in space, especially in long-duration missions because in this type of mission the risk of suffering a brain injury or neurological condition increases due to multiple factors. Testing these tools with neurological clinical samples and using machine learning, predictive systems may help crews in early detection of potential clinical, neurological, or neurocognitive problems during these long-duration missions to Mars and beyond.
This study aims to review research studies published to this date in microgravity conditions using existing spaceflight neurocognitive assessment batteries. This study also discusses the different risks of neuropsychological impairment in spaceflight and the potential benefits of increasing the clinical validity of these tools with neurological clinical samples on Earth for future long-duration missions.
A PRISMA guidelines-based review of specialized literature on neurocognitive assessment batteries and human spaceflight was performed. Different factors including type of tool or battery used, sample size, mission duration, etc. were included in this review. After the scrutiny of 192 articles, a total of 27 studies were detailed in the review outcome.
Results showed that neuropsychological function research target has changed over the years, with working memory and perception studies being predominant in the 80s and 90s while reaction time being more frequent in recent research. We also found a lack of language-related research in microgravity and the predominance of two neurocognitive assessment batteries in microgravity research.
With this study, we want to emphasize the importance of increasing the clinical validity of neurocognitive or neuropsychological assessment tools to be used in space, especially in long-duration missions because in this type of mission the risk of suffering a brain injury or neurological condition increases due to multiple factors. Testing these tools with neurological clinical samples and using machine learning, predictive systems may help crews in early detection of potential clinical, neurological, or neurocognitive problems during these long-duration missions to Mars and beyond.
摘要：
■在当前的太空任务中不会出现临床并发症；但是，对于未来的月球和火星长期任务，可能需要一个新的观点-一种更临床的方法.不同的风险,既环保,如辐射，事故,和生物心理学，包括神经问题,代表后续神经认知缺陷的潜在来源。
■本研究旨在回顾迄今为止在微重力条件下使用现有的航天神经认知评估电池发表的研究。这项研究还讨论了航天飞行中神经心理障碍的不同风险，以及在未来长期任务中使用地球上的神经临床样本提高这些工具的临床有效性的潜在好处。
■对有关神经认知评估电池和人类太空飞行的专业文献进行了基于PRISMA指南的综述。不同的因素，包括使用的工具或电池的类型，样本量,任务持续时间,等。包括在这次审查中。经过192篇文章的审查，共有27项研究在审查结果中详细介绍.
■结果表明，多年来神经心理功能研究目标发生了变化，工作记忆和感知研究在80年代和90年代占主导地位，而反应时间在最近的研究中更为频繁。我们还发现在微重力方面缺乏与语言相关的研究，并且在微重力研究中两种神经认知评估电池占主导地位。
■通过这项研究，我们要强调的重要性，提高临床有效性的神经认知或神经心理学评估工具，用于空间，特别是在长期任务中，因为在这种类型的任务中，由于多种因素，遭受脑损伤或神经系统疾病的风险增加。使用神经临床样本并使用机器学习测试这些工具，预测系统可以帮助船员早期发现潜在的临床，神经学,或神经认知问题在这些长期的火星任务和超越。
■本研究旨在回顾迄今为止在微重力条件下使用现有的航天神经认知评估电池发表的研究。这项研究还讨论了航天飞行中神经心理障碍的不同风险，以及在未来长期任务中使用地球上的神经临床样本提高这些工具的临床有效性的潜在好处。
■对有关神经认知评估电池和人类太空飞行的专业文献进行了基于PRISMA指南的综述。不同的因素，包括使用的工具或电池的类型，样本量,任务持续时间,等。包括在这次审查中。经过192篇文章的审查，共有27项研究在审查结果中详细介绍.
■结果表明，多年来神经心理功能研究目标发生了变化，工作记忆和感知研究在80年代和90年代占主导地位，而反应时间在最近的研究中更为频繁。我们还发现在微重力方面缺乏与语言相关的研究，并且在微重力研究中两种神经认知评估电池占主导地位。
■通过这项研究，我们要强调的重要性，提高临床有效性的神经认知或神经心理学评估工具，用于空间，特别是在长期任务中，因为在这种类型的任务中，由于多种因素，遭受脑损伤或神经系统疾病的风险增加。使用神经临床样本并使用机器学习测试这些工具，预测系统可以帮助船员早期发现潜在的临床，神经学,或神经认知问题在这些长期的火星任务和超越。
