Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Tongue-tie, or ankyloglossia, is a common condition characterized by an abnormally short or tight lingual frenulum and is known to cause breastfeeding difficulties, leading to damage to the nipple, early discontinuation of breastfeeding, and delayed infant growth. In addition to tongue-tie, abnormal frenulums such as the labial frenulum and buccal frenulum can cause lip-tie and cheek-tie, respectively. While both of these conditions have been reported to potentially cause similar issues related to breastfeeding as tongue-tie, limited research has been conducted to understand their effects and how we should treat these conditions.
METHODS: In this systematic review, we conducted a comprehensive search of MEDLINE to analyze the trend in publications of all three of these conditions and their impact on breastfeeding for the past 36 years. Keywords included, \"tongue-tie\", \"lip-tie\", \"cheek-tie\", and \"breastfeeding outcomes\".
RESULTS: We found that publications describing the effect of only tongue-ties on breastfeeding have increased exponentially over time while less focus has been on other oral ties. It was also discovered that the majority of studies describing only lip-tie or tongue-tie were editorials, commentary, perspectives, or consensus statements. Finally, we found that articles describing more than one abnormal frenulum were more likely to be cited and articles describing tongue-tie only were published in the highest impact factor journals.
CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed a significant increase in publications discussing tongue-tie and a lack of research on lip-tie and cheek-tie in relation to breastfeeding. The findings highlight the need for more comprehensive research and attention to lip-tie and cheek-tie, as well as standardized diagnostic criteria. Ongoing debate surrounding management of these conditions stem from the lack of investigations on the impact of these abnormal frenulums and outcomes post-frenectomy. Future high-quality studies, specifically prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials, are necessary to provide more robust evidence and guide clinical practice.
METHODS: In this systematic review, we conducted a comprehensive search of MEDLINE to analyze the trend in publications of all three of these conditions and their impact on breastfeeding for the past 36 years. Keywords included, \"tongue-tie\", \"lip-tie\", \"cheek-tie\", and \"breastfeeding outcomes\".
RESULTS: We found that publications describing the effect of only tongue-ties on breastfeeding have increased exponentially over time while less focus has been on other oral ties. It was also discovered that the majority of studies describing only lip-tie or tongue-tie were editorials, commentary, perspectives, or consensus statements. Finally, we found that articles describing more than one abnormal frenulum were more likely to be cited and articles describing tongue-tie only were published in the highest impact factor journals.
CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed a significant increase in publications discussing tongue-tie and a lack of research on lip-tie and cheek-tie in relation to breastfeeding. The findings highlight the need for more comprehensive research and attention to lip-tie and cheek-tie, as well as standardized diagnostic criteria. Ongoing debate surrounding management of these conditions stem from the lack of investigations on the impact of these abnormal frenulums and outcomes post-frenectomy. Future high-quality studies, specifically prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials, are necessary to provide more robust evidence and guide clinical practice.
摘要：
目标：舌头，或者强直,是一种常见的疾病，其特征是舌系带异常短或紧，并且已知会导致母乳喂养困难，导致乳头受损,早期停止母乳喂养，延缓了婴儿的生长。除了舌带,异常的系带，如唇系带和颊系带可导致唇带和颊带，分别。虽然据报道，这两种情况都可能导致与母乳喂养类似的问题，例如舌带，已经进行了有限的研究，以了解它们的影响以及我们应该如何治疗这些疾病。
方法：在这篇系统综述中，我们对MEDLINE进行了全面检索,以分析过去36年这三种情况的出版物趋势及其对母乳喂养的影响.关键词包括,\"舌带\",“唇缘领带”，\"脸颊领带\",和“母乳喂养结果”。
结果：我们发现，描述仅舌系对母乳喂养的影响的出版物随着时间的推移呈指数增长，而对其他口系的关注较少。还发现，大多数仅描述唇带或舌带的研究都是社论，评注,观点，或共识声明。最后,我们发现，描述多个异常系带的文章更有可能被引用，仅描述舌系带的文章发表在影响因子最高的期刊上。
结论：这项研究表明，讨论舌带的出版物显着增加，而缺乏与母乳喂养有关的唇带和颊带的研究。这些发现强调了需要更全面的研究和关注唇领带和脸颊领带，以及标准化的诊断标准。围绕这些疾病的管理进行的辩论源于缺乏对这些异常系带的影响和切除术后的结果的调查。未来的高质量研究，特别是前瞻性队列研究和随机对照试验，有必要提供更有力的证据和指导临床实践。
方法：在这篇系统综述中，我们对MEDLINE进行了全面检索,以分析过去36年这三种情况的出版物趋势及其对母乳喂养的影响.关键词包括,\"舌带\",“唇缘领带”，\"脸颊领带\",和“母乳喂养结果”。
结果：我们发现，描述仅舌系对母乳喂养的影响的出版物随着时间的推移呈指数增长，而对其他口系的关注较少。还发现，大多数仅描述唇带或舌带的研究都是社论，评注,观点，或共识声明。最后,我们发现，描述多个异常系带的文章更有可能被引用，仅描述舌系带的文章发表在影响因子最高的期刊上。
结论：这项研究表明，讨论舌带的出版物显着增加，而缺乏与母乳喂养有关的唇带和颊带的研究。这些发现强调了需要更全面的研究和关注唇领带和脸颊领带，以及标准化的诊断标准。围绕这些疾病的管理进行的辩论源于缺乏对这些异常系带的影响和切除术后的结果的调查。未来的高质量研究，特别是前瞻性队列研究和随机对照试验，有必要提供更有力的证据和指导临床实践。
