Systematic review including cross-sectional, observational, and interventional studies published in English, that reported on defecation frequency and/or stool consistency in healthy children 0-4 years old.
Seventy-five studies were included with 16 393 children and 40 033 measurements of defecation frequency and/or stool consistency. Based on visual inspection of defecation frequency data, a differentiation was made between two age categories: young infants (0-14 weeks old) and young children (15 weeks-4 years old). Young infants had a mean defecation frequency of 21.8 per week (95 % CI, 3.9-35.2) compared with 10.9 (CI, 5.7-16.7) in young children (P < .001). Among young infants, human milk-fed (HMF) infants had the highest mean defecation frequency per week (23.2 [CI, 8.8-38.1]), followed by formula-fed (FF) infants (13.7 [CI 5.4-23.9]), and mixed-fed (MF) infants (20.7 [CI, 7.0-30.2]). Hard stools were infrequently reported in young infants (1.5%) compared with young children (10.5%), and a reduction in the frequency of soft/watery stools was observed with higher age (27.0% in young infants compared with 6.2% in young children). HMF young infants had softer stools compared with FF young infants.
Young infants (0-14 weeks old) have softer and more frequent stools compared with young children (15 weeks-4 years old).
方法:系统综述,包括横断面,观察,以及以英文发表的介入研究,报告了0至4岁健康儿童的排便频率和/或粪便稠度,.
结果:75项研究纳入了16,393名儿童和40,033项排便频率和/或粪便稠度的测量。根据目测排便频率数据,在两个年龄段之间进行了区分:幼儿(0-14周龄)和幼儿(15周龄-4岁)。幼儿每周平均排便频率为21.8(95%CI3.9-35.2),幼儿每周平均排便频率为10.9(CI5.7-16.7)(p<0.001)。在年幼的婴儿中,母乳喂养(HMF)儿童每周平均排便频率最高(23.2[CI8.8-38.1]),其次是配方奶粉喂养(FF)儿童(13.7[CI5.4-23.9]),和混合喂养(MF)儿童(20.7[CI7.0-30.2])。与幼儿(10.5%)相比,健康的年轻婴儿(1.5%)很少出现粪便。并且随着年龄的增长,软/水样大便的频率降低(幼儿为27.0%,幼儿为6.2%)。与FF年轻婴儿相比,HMF年轻婴儿的粪便较软。
结论:与幼儿(15周至4岁)相比,幼儿(0-14周龄)的粪便更柔和,更频繁。