Abstract：
To summarize available data on defecation frequency and stool consistency of healthy children up to age 4 in order to estimate normal references values.
Systematic review including cross-sectional, observational, and interventional studies published in English, that reported on defecation frequency and/or stool consistency in healthy children 0-4 years old.
Seventy-five studies were included with 16 393 children and 40 033 measurements of defecation frequency and/or stool consistency. Based on visual inspection of defecation frequency data, a differentiation was made between two age categories: young infants (0-14 weeks old) and young children (15 weeks-4 years old). Young infants had a mean defecation frequency of 21.8 per week (95 % CI, 3.9-35.2) compared with 10.9 (CI, 5.7-16.7) in young children (P < .001). Among young infants, human milk-fed (HMF) infants had the highest mean defecation frequency per week (23.2 [CI, 8.8-38.1]), followed by formula-fed (FF) infants (13.7 [CI 5.4-23.9]), and mixed-fed (MF) infants (20.7 [CI, 7.0-30.2]). Hard stools were infrequently reported in young infants (1.5%) compared with young children (10.5%), and a reduction in the frequency of soft/watery stools was observed with higher age (27.0% in young infants compared with 6.2% in young children). HMF young infants had softer stools compared with FF young infants.
Young infants (0-14 weeks old) have softer and more frequent stools compared with young children (15 weeks-4 years old).
Systematic review including cross-sectional, observational, and interventional studies published in English, that reported on defecation frequency and/or stool consistency in healthy children 0-4 years old.
Seventy-five studies were included with 16 393 children and 40 033 measurements of defecation frequency and/or stool consistency. Based on visual inspection of defecation frequency data, a differentiation was made between two age categories: young infants (0-14 weeks old) and young children (15 weeks-4 years old). Young infants had a mean defecation frequency of 21.8 per week (95 % CI, 3.9-35.2) compared with 10.9 (CI, 5.7-16.7) in young children (P < .001). Among young infants, human milk-fed (HMF) infants had the highest mean defecation frequency per week (23.2 [CI, 8.8-38.1]), followed by formula-fed (FF) infants (13.7 [CI 5.4-23.9]), and mixed-fed (MF) infants (20.7 [CI, 7.0-30.2]). Hard stools were infrequently reported in young infants (1.5%) compared with young children (10.5%), and a reduction in the frequency of soft/watery stools was observed with higher age (27.0% in young infants compared with 6.2% in young children). HMF young infants had softer stools compared with FF young infants.
Young infants (0-14 weeks old) have softer and more frequent stools compared with young children (15 weeks-4 years old).
摘要：
目的：总结4岁以下健康儿童的排便频率和粪便稠度的现有数据，以估计正常参考值。
方法：系统综述，包括横断面，观察,以及以英文发表的介入研究，报告了0至4岁健康儿童的排便频率和/或粪便稠度，.
结果：75项研究纳入了16,393名儿童和40,033项排便频率和/或粪便稠度的测量。根据目测排便频率数据,在两个年龄段之间进行了区分：幼儿（0-14周龄）和幼儿（15周龄-4岁）。幼儿每周平均排便频率为21.8（95%CI3.9-35.2），幼儿每周平均排便频率为10.9（CI5.7-16.7）（p<0.001）。在年幼的婴儿中，母乳喂养（HMF）儿童每周平均排便频率最高（23.2[CI8.8-38.1]），其次是配方奶粉喂养（FF）儿童（13.7[CI5.4-23.9]），和混合喂养（MF）儿童（20.7[CI7.0-30.2]）。与幼儿（10.5％）相比，健康的年轻婴儿（1.5％）很少出现粪便。并且随着年龄的增长，软/水样大便的频率降低（幼儿为27.0％，幼儿为6.2％）。与FF年轻婴儿相比，HMF年轻婴儿的粪便较软。
结论：与幼儿（15周至4岁）相比，幼儿（0-14周龄）的粪便更柔和，更频繁。
方法：系统综述，包括横断面，观察,以及以英文发表的介入研究，报告了0至4岁健康儿童的排便频率和/或粪便稠度，.
结果：75项研究纳入了16,393名儿童和40,033项排便频率和/或粪便稠度的测量。根据目测排便频率数据,在两个年龄段之间进行了区分：幼儿（0-14周龄）和幼儿（15周龄-4岁）。幼儿每周平均排便频率为21.8（95%CI3.9-35.2），幼儿每周平均排便频率为10.9（CI5.7-16.7）（p<0.001）。在年幼的婴儿中，母乳喂养（HMF）儿童每周平均排便频率最高（23.2[CI8.8-38.1]），其次是配方奶粉喂养（FF）儿童（13.7[CI5.4-23.9]），和混合喂养（MF）儿童（20.7[CI7.0-30.2]）。与幼儿（10.5％）相比，健康的年轻婴儿（1.5％）很少出现粪便。并且随着年龄的增长，软/水样大便的频率降低（幼儿为27.0％，幼儿为6.2％）。与FF年轻婴儿相比，HMF年轻婴儿的粪便较软。
结论：与幼儿（15周至4岁）相比，幼儿（0-14周龄）的粪便更柔和，更频繁。
