Abstract：
The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy and the underlying mechanism of Veronica incana in osteoarthritis (OA) induced by intraarticular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA). The selected major four compounds (A-D) of V. incana were found from fractions 3 and 4. Its structure elucidation was determined by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) data analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data comparison with literature. MIA (50 μL with 80 mg/mL) for the animal experiment was injected into the right knee joint. The V. incana was administered orally every day to rats for 14 days from 7 days after MIA treatment. Finally, we confirmed the four compounds: (A) verproside; (B) catalposide; (C) 6-vanilloylcatapol; and (D) 6-isovanilloylcatapol. When we evaluated the effect of V. incana on the MIA injection-induced knee OA model, there were a noticeable initial decreased in hind paw weight-bearing distribution compared to the Normal group (P < .001), but V. incana supplementation resulted in a significant increase in the weight-bearing distribution to the treated knee (P < .001). Moreover, the V. incana treatment led to a decrease in the levels of liver function enzymes and tissue malondialdehyde (P < .05 and .01). The V. incana significantly suppressed the inflammatory factors through the nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway and downregulated the expression of matrix metalloproteinases, which are involved in the degradation of the extracellular matrix (P < .01 and .001). In addition, we confirmed the alleviation of cartilage degeneration through tissue stains. In conclusion, this study confirmed the major four compounds of V. incana and suggested that V. incana could serve as an anti-inflammatory candidate agent for patients with OA.
摘要：
本研究的目的是探讨维罗妮卡在关节内注射碘乙酸钠（MIA）诱发的骨关节炎（OA）中的疗效及其潜在机制。从级分3和4中发现了所选择的V.incana的主要四种化合物(A-D)。通过液相色谱-电喷雾电离质谱（LC-ESI-MS）数据分析和核磁共振（NMR）数据与文献的比较确定了其结构。将用于动物实验的MIA(50μL,80mg/mL)注射到右膝关节中。从MIA治疗后7天开始，每天向大鼠口服V.incana，持续14天。最后,我们确认了四种化合物：（A）verproside；（B）catalposide；（C）6-香草胺酰catapol；和（D）6-异香胺酰catapol。当我们评估V.incana对MIA注射诱导的膝OA模型的影响时，与正常组相比，后爪负重分布有明显的初始下降（P<.001），但V.incana补充导致治疗膝关节的负重分布显着增加（P<.001）。此外，V.incana治疗导致肝功能酶和组织丙二醛水平降低（P<.05和.01）。V.incana通过核因子-κB信号通路显著抑制炎症因子，下调基质金属蛋白酶的表达，参与细胞外基质的降解(P<.01和.001)。此外,我们证实了通过组织染色减轻软骨退化。总之,这项研究证实了V.incana的4种主要化合物,并提示V.incana可作为OA患者的抗炎候选药物.
