Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: The epidemiology of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is influenced by variables such as age, sex, environmental conditions, and vaccination status. This study aimed to evaluate HAV seropositivity after the inclusion of hepatitis A vaccination in the national childhood immunization program and identify demographic risk factors of the susceptible population before routine vaccination.
METHODS: This cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted by retrospectively examining the laboratory records of patients who underwent HAV serology testing in a tertiary care center in eastern Turkey between 2008 and 2019.
RESULTS: Overall immunity to HAV was 81.6%. According to birthplace and year, the rate of anti-HAV positivity was higher among people born before 2006 in the Southeast and Eastern Anatolia regions. For those born in 2012 or later, the lowest seropositivity was among those born in the Southeast region, while it was over 60% in the other regions. When analyzed by year of birth, the lowest seropositivity was in those born between 1994 and 2011, and the frequency of seropositivity increased with age. Of those born between 1982 and 1999, the seropositivity rate was higher among men than women. Rural dwellers born before 2012 had higher seropositivity than urban dwellers. Among those born before the introduction of routine childhood HAV vaccination, female sex, urban dwelling, and each additional year of age were identified as independent demographic risk factors for HAV susceptibility.
CONCLUSIONS: Socioeconomic development and immunization programs have altered HAV seroprevalence patterns. Planning catch-up vaccinations, especially in adolescents and young adults (born in 1994-2011) with low seropositivity and ensuring the continuity of hygiene and sanitation practices are important to protect the susceptible population.
METHODS: This cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted by retrospectively examining the laboratory records of patients who underwent HAV serology testing in a tertiary care center in eastern Turkey between 2008 and 2019.
RESULTS: Overall immunity to HAV was 81.6%. According to birthplace and year, the rate of anti-HAV positivity was higher among people born before 2006 in the Southeast and Eastern Anatolia regions. For those born in 2012 or later, the lowest seropositivity was among those born in the Southeast region, while it was over 60% in the other regions. When analyzed by year of birth, the lowest seropositivity was in those born between 1994 and 2011, and the frequency of seropositivity increased with age. Of those born between 1982 and 1999, the seropositivity rate was higher among men than women. Rural dwellers born before 2012 had higher seropositivity than urban dwellers. Among those born before the introduction of routine childhood HAV vaccination, female sex, urban dwelling, and each additional year of age were identified as independent demographic risk factors for HAV susceptibility.
CONCLUSIONS: Socioeconomic development and immunization programs have altered HAV seroprevalence patterns. Planning catch-up vaccinations, especially in adolescents and young adults (born in 1994-2011) with low seropositivity and ensuring the continuity of hygiene and sanitation practices are important to protect the susceptible population.
摘要：
目的：甲型肝炎病毒（HAV）感染的流行病学受诸如年龄，性别,环境条件,和疫苗接种状况。本研究旨在评估将甲型肝炎疫苗纳入国家儿童免疫计划后的HAV血清阳性，并在常规疫苗接种前确定易感人群的人口统计学危险因素。
方法：这项横断面流行病学研究是通过回顾性检查2008年至2019年在土耳其东部三级护理中心接受HAV血清学检测的患者的实验室记录进行的。
结果：对HAV的总体免疫力为81.6%。根据出生地和年份，在安纳托利亚东南部和东部地区,2006年以前出生的人群抗HAV阳性率较高.对于2012年或以后出生的人来说，最低的血清阳性是出生在东南地区的人，而其他地区超过60%。按出生年份分析时，最低的血清阳性是出生在1994年至2011年之间的人群,并且血清阳性的频率随着年龄的增长而增加.在1982年至1999年出生的人中，男性的血清阳性率高于女性。2012年之前出生的农村居民的血清阳性率高于城市居民。在引入常规儿童HAV疫苗之前出生的人中，女性性别,城市住宅,并且每增加一年的年龄被确定为HAV易感性的独立人口统计学危险因素。
结论：社会经济发展和免疫计划改变了HAV血清阳性率模式。计划补足疫苗接种，特别是在血清阳性较低的青少年和年轻成年人(1994-2011年出生)中,确保卫生和环卫措施的连续性对于保护易感人群非常重要.
方法：这项横断面流行病学研究是通过回顾性检查2008年至2019年在土耳其东部三级护理中心接受HAV血清学检测的患者的实验室记录进行的。
结果：对HAV的总体免疫力为81.6%。根据出生地和年份，在安纳托利亚东南部和东部地区,2006年以前出生的人群抗HAV阳性率较高.对于2012年或以后出生的人来说，最低的血清阳性是出生在东南地区的人，而其他地区超过60%。按出生年份分析时，最低的血清阳性是出生在1994年至2011年之间的人群,并且血清阳性的频率随着年龄的增长而增加.在1982年至1999年出生的人中，男性的血清阳性率高于女性。2012年之前出生的农村居民的血清阳性率高于城市居民。在引入常规儿童HAV疫苗之前出生的人中，女性性别,城市住宅,并且每增加一年的年龄被确定为HAV易感性的独立人口统计学危险因素。
结论：社会经济发展和免疫计划改变了HAV血清阳性率模式。计划补足疫苗接种，特别是在血清阳性较低的青少年和年轻成年人(1994-2011年出生)中,确保卫生和环卫措施的连续性对于保护易感人群非常重要.
