Abstract：
In recent years, the global pandemic of bat-associated pathogens has led to increasing attention on bat ectoparasites. Numerous studies have identified human-associated pathogens in Nycteribiidae, indicating their potential as vectors. In this study, the first complete sequencing of the mitochondrial genome of Nycteribia allotopa Speiser, 1901 was sequenced and analyzed. We also compared the mitochondrial sequences of N. allotopa with those available in the database for other Nycteribiidae species. The complete mitochondrial genome of N. allotopa was found to be 15,161 bp in size with an A + T content of 82.49%. Nucleotide polymorphism analysis of 13 protein-coding genes from five species of Nycteribiidae showed that nad6 exhibited the most significant variation, while cox1 was the most conserved. Furthermore, selection pressure analysis revealed cox1 to exhibit the strongest purifying selection, while atp8, nad2, nad4L, and nad5 showed slightly looser purifying selection. Pairwise genetic distances indicated that cox1 and cox2 were evolving comparatively slowly, whereas atp8, nad2, and nad6 were evolving comparatively quickly. Phylogenetic trees constructed using Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood methods demonstrated that all four families within the superfamily Hippoboscoidea clustered into one branch each, indicating their monophyly. N. allotopa was found to be most closely related to the same genus N. parvula. This study significantly enriches the molecular database for Nycteribiidae and provides invaluable reference data for future species identification, phylogenetic analysis, and exploration of their potential as vectors for human-associated pathogens.
摘要：
近年来,蝙蝠相关病原体的全球大流行导致对蝙蝠外寄生虫的关注日益增加。许多研究已经确定了Nycteribiidae中与人类相关的病原体，表明它们作为载体的潜力。在这项研究中,NycteribiaallotopaSpeiser的线粒体基因组的第一个完整测序，对1901进行测序和分析。我们还将阿洛多巴念珠菌的线粒体序列与数据库中其他Nycteribiidae物种的线粒体序列进行了比较。阿洛多巴念珠菌的完整线粒体基因组大小为15,161bp，A+T含量为82.49%。对5种Nycteribiidae的13个蛋白质编码基因的核苷酸多态性分析表明，nad6表现出最显著的变异，而cox1是最保守的。此外，选择压力分析显示cox1表现出最强的净化选择，而atp8,nad2,nad4L,nad5显示出稍微松散的纯化选择。成对遗传距离表明cox1和cox2进化相对缓慢，而atp8，nad2和nad6的进化相对较快。使用贝叶斯推断和最大似然方法构建的系统发育树表明，超家族Hipposcoidea中的所有四个家族都聚集在一个分支中，表明他们的单方。阿洛多巴杆菌被发现与同一属的细小念珠菌最密切相关。这项研究极大地丰富了Nycteribiidae的分子数据库，并为将来的物种鉴定提供了宝贵的参考数据。系统发育分析，并探索它们作为人类相关病原体载体的潜力。
