PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The human gut microbiome contains the largest number of bacteria in the body and has the potential to greatly influence metabolism, not only locally but also systemically. There is an established link between a healthy, balanced, and diverse microbiome and overall health. When the gut microbiome becomes unbalanced (dysbiosis) through dietary changes, medication use, lifestyle choices, environmental factors, and ageing, this has a profound effect on our health and is linked to many diseases, including lifestyle diseases, metabolic diseases, inflammatory diseases, and neurological diseases. While this link in humans is largely an association of dysbiosis with disease, in animal models, a causative link can be demonstrated. The link between the gut and the brain is particularly important in maintaining brain health, with a strong association between dysbiosis in the gut and neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. This link suggests not only that the gut microbiota composition can be used to make an early diagnosis of neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases but also that modifying the gut microbiome to influence the microbiome-gut-brain axis might present a therapeutic target for diseases that have proved intractable, with the aim of altering the trajectory of neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases such as Alzheimer\'s disease, Parkinson\'s disease, multiple sclerosis, autism spectrum disorder, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, among others. There is also a microbiome-gut-brain link to other potentially reversible neurological diseases, such as migraine, post-operative cognitive dysfunction, and long COVID, which might be considered models of therapy for neurodegenerative disease. The role of traditional methods in altering the microbiome, as well as newer, more novel treatments such as faecal microbiome transplants and photobiomodulation, are discussed.
摘要：
人体肠道微生物组含有体内数量最多的细菌，并有可能极大地影响新陈代谢，不仅在本地，而且在系统上。一个健康的，平衡,以及多样化的微生物组和整体健康。当肠道微生物组通过饮食变化变得不平衡（生态失调）时，药物使用,生活方式的选择,环境因素,老龄化,这对我们的健康有深远的影响，并与许多疾病有关，包括生活方式疾病，代谢性疾病，炎症性疾病，和神经系统疾病。虽然人类的这种联系在很大程度上是菌群失调与疾病的关联，在动物模型中，可以证明因果关系。肠道和大脑之间的联系对于维持大脑健康尤为重要，肠道菌群失调与神经退行性疾病和神经发育疾病之间有着密切的联系。这种联系不仅表明肠道微生物群组成可用于神经退行性疾病和神经发育疾病的早期诊断，而且还表明，修改肠道微生物组以影响微生物组-肠-脑轴可能是已被证明难以治疗的疾病的治疗目标。目的是改变神经退行性疾病和神经发育疾病如阿尔茨海默病的轨迹，帕金森病,多发性硬化症,自闭症谱系障碍，注意力缺陷多动障碍,在其他人中。还有微生物组-肠道-大脑与其他可能可逆的神经系统疾病的联系，比如偏头痛,术后认知功能障碍,和长长的COVID，这可能被认为是治疗神经退行性疾病的模型。传统方法在改变微生物组中的作用，以及较新的，更新颖的治疗方法，如粪便微生物组移植和光生物调节，正在讨论。
