Abstract：
Microplastics (100nm-5 mm) and nanoplastics (1-100 nm) are collectively referred to as micro(nano)plastics (MNPs), which are refractory to degradation, easy to migration, small in size, strong in adsorption, and can widely present in human living environment. A number of studies have confirmed that MNPs can be exposed to the human body through a variety of routes, and can penetrate various barriers to enter the reproductive system, suggesting that MNPs may pose potential harm to human reproductive health. Current studies most were limited to phenotypic studies and their subjects were basically lower marine organisms and mammals. Therefore, in order to provide theoretical base for further exploring the effects of MNPs on the human reproductive system, this paper searched the relevant literature at home and abroad, mainly analyzed rodent experiments, and concluded that the main exposure routes of MNPs are dietary intake, air inhalation, skin contact and medical plastics. After entering the reproductive system, MNPs produce reproductive toxicity mainly through oxidative stress, inflammation, metabolic disorders, cytotoxicity and other mechanisms. More work is required to comprehensively identify the exposure routes, improve the detection methods to evaluate the effective exposure and deeply study the specific mechanisms of toxic effects, withing the aim of conducting relevant studies at the population level in the next step.
摘要：
微塑料（100纳米-5毫米）和纳米塑料（1-100纳米）统称为微（纳米）塑料（MNPs），它们不易降解，容易迁移,尺寸小，强吸附，并广泛存在于人类生活环境中。多项研究证实,MNPs可通过多种途径暴露于人体,可以穿透各种屏障进入生殖系统，提示MNPs可能对人类生殖健康造成潜在危害。目前的研究大多仅限于表型研究，其研究对象基本上是低等海洋生物和哺乳动物。因此,为进一步探讨MNPs对人类生殖系统的影响提供理论依据,本文查阅了国内外相关文献,主要分析啮齿动物实验，并得出结论，MNPs的主要暴露途径是饮食摄入，空气吸入,皮肤接触和医用塑料。进入生殖系统后,MNPs主要通过氧化应激产生生殖毒性,炎症,代谢紊乱，细胞毒性和其他机制。需要更多的工作来全面确定暴露途径，改进有效暴露的检测方法，深入研究毒性作用的具体机制，目的是在下一步进行人口层面的相关研究。
