Abstract：
Diseases affecting the hair follicle are common in domestic animals, but despite the importance of an intact skin barrier and a fully functional hair coat, knowledge about the detailed morphological features and the diversity of these complex mini-organs are often limited, although mandatory to evaluate skin biopsies with a history of alopecia. The factors that regulate the innate hair follicle formation and the postnatal hair cycle are still not completely understood in rodents, only rudimentarily known in humans, and are poorly understood in our companion animals. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge about hair follicle and hair shaft anatomy, the arrangement of hair follicles, hair follicle morphogenesis in the embryo, and the lifelong regeneration during the postnatal hair cycle in domestic animals. The role of follicular stem cells and the need for a multitude of interacting signaling events during hair follicle morphogenesis and regeneration is unquestioned. Because of the lack of state of the art methods that can be applied in rodents but are not feasible in companion animals, most of the information in this review is based on rodent studies. However, the few data from domestic animals that are available will be discussed, and it can be assumed that at least the principal molecular mechanisms are similar in rodents and other species.
摘要：
影响毛囊的疾病在家畜中很常见，但是尽管完整的皮肤屏障和功能齐全的头发外套很重要，关于这些复杂小器官的详细形态特征和多样性的知识通常是有限的，尽管必须评估有脱发史的皮肤活检。在啮齿动物中，调节先天毛囊形成和产后毛发周期的因素仍未完全了解，只有人类才知道，对我们的伴侣动物知之甚少。这篇综述旨在总结目前有关毛囊和毛干解剖的知识，毛囊的排列，胚胎中的毛囊形态发生，以及家畜出生后毛发周期中的终生再生。毛囊干细胞的作用以及在毛囊形态发生和再生过程中对多种相互作用的信号事件的需求是毋庸置疑的。由于缺乏可应用于啮齿动物但在伴侣动物中不可行的现有技术方法，这篇综述中的大部分信息是基于啮齿动物研究。然而,将讨论可获得的来自家畜的少数数据，并且可以假设至少在啮齿动物和其他物种中的主要分子机制是相似的。
