Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalent consumption trend between 2001 and 2017 and the healthy lifestyles associated with consuming a plant-based diet in the Spanish population.
METHODS: A representative Spanish sample was analysed (>15 years old) from the Spanish National Health Survey for years 2001 (n=8568), 2006 (n=25,649), 2011 (n=19,027) and 2017 (n=21,986). The population was classified as omnivore, vegetarian, or vegan. The lifestyle variables were physical activity, tobacco and alcohol consumption, and body mass index (BMI). The χ2 test was used to evaluate diet change between 2001 and 2017. T-Student and χ2 were used to compare lifestyles of omnivores and vegetarians/vegans. Logistic regression was used to analyse lifestyles associated with plant-based diets.
RESULTS: 0.2% of the Spanish population followed a plant-based diet. Between plant-based diet consumers there was an increase in vegans vs. vegetarians between 2001 (9.5% vs. 90.5%) and 2017 (65.3% vs. 34.7%) (p=0.007). Compared to 2001, following a plant-based diet was more likely in 2006 (OR=2.08, p=0.004), 2011 (OR=1.89, p=0.02) and 2017 (OR=1.75, p=0.04). Those who consume alcohol (OR=0.65, p=0.008), who were overweight (OR=0.48, p<0.001) or who were obese (OR=0.40, p=0.001) were less likely to consume a plant-based diet.
CONCLUSIONS: Despite an increase in the consumption of plant-based diets between 2001 and 2017, there was a low prevalence of consumption in all years studied. There was a greater probability of consuming plant-based diets among the Spanish population with healthy behaviours. These findings could help design strategies focused on healthy nutritional behaviours.
METHODS: A representative Spanish sample was analysed (>15 years old) from the Spanish National Health Survey for years 2001 (n=8568), 2006 (n=25,649), 2011 (n=19,027) and 2017 (n=21,986). The population was classified as omnivore, vegetarian, or vegan. The lifestyle variables were physical activity, tobacco and alcohol consumption, and body mass index (BMI). The χ2 test was used to evaluate diet change between 2001 and 2017. T-Student and χ2 were used to compare lifestyles of omnivores and vegetarians/vegans. Logistic regression was used to analyse lifestyles associated with plant-based diets.
RESULTS: 0.2% of the Spanish population followed a plant-based diet. Between plant-based diet consumers there was an increase in vegans vs. vegetarians between 2001 (9.5% vs. 90.5%) and 2017 (65.3% vs. 34.7%) (p=0.007). Compared to 2001, following a plant-based diet was more likely in 2006 (OR=2.08, p=0.004), 2011 (OR=1.89, p=0.02) and 2017 (OR=1.75, p=0.04). Those who consume alcohol (OR=0.65, p=0.008), who were overweight (OR=0.48, p<0.001) or who were obese (OR=0.40, p=0.001) were less likely to consume a plant-based diet.
CONCLUSIONS: Despite an increase in the consumption of plant-based diets between 2001 and 2017, there was a low prevalence of consumption in all years studied. There was a greater probability of consuming plant-based diets among the Spanish population with healthy behaviours. These findings could help design strategies focused on healthy nutritional behaviours.
摘要：
目的：评估2001年至2017年西班牙人群中普遍的消费趋势以及与食用植物性饮食相关的健康生活方式。
方法：从2001年的西班牙国家健康调查（n=8568）分析了西班牙代表性样本（>15岁），2006年（n=25,649），2011年（n=19,027）和2017年（n=21,986）。人口被归类为杂食动物，素食主义者,或者素食主义者。生活方式变量是身体活动，烟草和酒精消费，体重指数（BMI）。使用χ2检验评估2001年至2017年之间的饮食变化。T-Student和χ2用于比较杂食动物和素食者/素食者的生活方式。使用Logistic回归分析与植物性饮食相关的生活方式。
结果：0.2%的西班牙人口遵循植物性饮食。在植物性饮食消费者之间，素食主义者与素食主义者之间有增加2001年之间的素食者(9.5%vs.90.5%）和2017年（65.3%与34.7%)(p=0.007)。与2001年相比，2006年更有可能采用植物性饮食（OR=2.08，p=0.004），2011年（OR=1.89，p=0.02）和2017年（OR=1.75，p=0.04）。那些饮酒的人（OR=0.65，p=0.008），超重者(OR=0.48,p<0.001)或肥胖者(OR=0.40,p=0.001)摄入植物性饮食的可能性较小.
结论：尽管在2001年至2017年期间植物性饮食的消费量有所增加，但在所有研究年份中的消费量均较低。在行为健康的西班牙人群中，食用植物性饮食的可能性更大。这些发现可以帮助设计专注于健康营养行为的策略。
方法：从2001年的西班牙国家健康调查（n=8568）分析了西班牙代表性样本（>15岁），2006年（n=25,649），2011年（n=19,027）和2017年（n=21,986）。人口被归类为杂食动物，素食主义者,或者素食主义者。生活方式变量是身体活动，烟草和酒精消费，体重指数（BMI）。使用χ2检验评估2001年至2017年之间的饮食变化。T-Student和χ2用于比较杂食动物和素食者/素食者的生活方式。使用Logistic回归分析与植物性饮食相关的生活方式。
结果：0.2%的西班牙人口遵循植物性饮食。在植物性饮食消费者之间，素食主义者与素食主义者之间有增加2001年之间的素食者(9.5%vs.90.5%）和2017年（65.3%与34.7%)(p=0.007)。与2001年相比，2006年更有可能采用植物性饮食（OR=2.08，p=0.004），2011年（OR=1.89，p=0.02）和2017年（OR=1.75，p=0.04）。那些饮酒的人（OR=0.65，p=0.008），超重者(OR=0.48,p<0.001)或肥胖者(OR=0.40,p=0.001)摄入植物性饮食的可能性较小.
结论：尽管在2001年至2017年期间植物性饮食的消费量有所增加，但在所有研究年份中的消费量均较低。在行为健康的西班牙人群中，食用植物性饮食的可能性更大。这些发现可以帮助设计专注于健康营养行为的策略。
