Abstract：
Humans have battled viruses for millennia. However, directly linking the symptomatology of disease outbreaks to specific viral pathogens was not possible until the twentieth century. With the advent of the genomic era and the development of advanced protocols for isolation, sequencing, and analysis of ancient nucleic acids from diverse human remains, the identification and characterization of ancient viruses became feasible. Recent studies have provided invaluable information about past epidemics and made it possible to examine assumptions and inferences on the origin and evolution of certain viral families. In parallel, the study of ancient viruses also uncovered their importance in the evolution of the human lineage and their key roles in shaping major events in human history. In this review, we describe the strategies used for the study of ancient viruses, along with their limitations, and provide a detailed account of what past viral infections have revealed about human history.
摘要：
人类已经与病毒斗争了几千年。然而,直到二十世纪，才可能将疾病爆发的症状与特定的病毒病原体直接联系起来。随着基因组时代的到来和先进的分离方案的发展，测序,测序并分析来自不同人类遗骸的古代核酸，古代病毒的鉴定和表征变得可行。最近的研究提供了有关过去流行病的宝贵信息，并有可能检查有关某些病毒家族起源和进化的假设和推论。并行,对古代病毒的研究还揭示了它们在人类谱系进化中的重要性，以及它们在塑造人类历史上重大事件中的关键作用。在这次审查中,我们描述了用于研究古代病毒的策略，除了它们的局限性，并详细介绍了过去的病毒感染所揭示的人类历史。病毒学年度评论的预期最终在线发布日期，第10卷是2023年9月。请参阅http://www。annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates的订正估计数。
