Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Minipigs present advantages for studying oral bone regeneration; however, standardized critical size defects (CSD) for alveolar bone have not been validated yet. The objectives of this study are to develop a CSD in the mandibular alveolar bone in Aachen minipigs and to further investigate the specific role of periosteum.
METHODS: Three female Aachen minipigs aged 17, 24, and 84 months were used. For each minipig, a split-mouth design was performed: an osteotomy (2 cm height × 2.5 cm length) was performed; the periosteum was preserved on the left side and removed on the right side. Macroscopic, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), microcomputed tomography (µCT), and histological analyses were performed to evaluate the bone defects and bone healing.
RESULTS: In both groups, spontaneous healing was insufficient to restore initial bone volume. The macroscopic pictures and the CBCT results showed a larger bone defect without periosteum. µCT results revealed that BMD, BV/TV, and Tb.Th were significantly lower without periosteum. The histological analyses showed (i) an increased osteoid apposition in the crestal area when periosteum was removed and (ii) an ossification process in the mandibular canal area in response to the surgical that seemed to increase when periosteum was removed.
CONCLUSIONS: A robust model of CSD model was developed in the alveolar bone of minipigs that mimics human mandibular bone defects. This model allows to further investigate the bone healing process and potential factors impacting healing such as periosteum.
CONCLUSIONS: This model may be relevant for testing different bone reconstruction strategies for preclinical investigations.
METHODS: Three female Aachen minipigs aged 17, 24, and 84 months were used. For each minipig, a split-mouth design was performed: an osteotomy (2 cm height × 2.5 cm length) was performed; the periosteum was preserved on the left side and removed on the right side. Macroscopic, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), microcomputed tomography (µCT), and histological analyses were performed to evaluate the bone defects and bone healing.
RESULTS: In both groups, spontaneous healing was insufficient to restore initial bone volume. The macroscopic pictures and the CBCT results showed a larger bone defect without periosteum. µCT results revealed that BMD, BV/TV, and Tb.Th were significantly lower without periosteum. The histological analyses showed (i) an increased osteoid apposition in the crestal area when periosteum was removed and (ii) an ossification process in the mandibular canal area in response to the surgical that seemed to increase when periosteum was removed.
CONCLUSIONS: A robust model of CSD model was developed in the alveolar bone of minipigs that mimics human mandibular bone defects. This model allows to further investigate the bone healing process and potential factors impacting healing such as periosteum.
CONCLUSIONS: This model may be relevant for testing different bone reconstruction strategies for preclinical investigations.
摘要：
目的：小型猪在研究口腔骨再生方面具有优势；然而，牙槽骨的标准化临界尺寸缺陷(CSD)尚未得到验证.这项研究的目的是在Aachen小型猪的下颌牙槽骨中开发CSD，并进一步研究骨膜的特定作用。
方法：使用三只17、24和84月龄的雌性亚琛小型猪。对于每只小型猪，进行了裂口设计:进行了截骨术(高2厘米×长2.5厘米);左侧保留了骨膜,右侧切除了骨膜.宏观,锥形束计算机断层扫描（CBCT），显微计算机断层扫描（µCT），并进行组织学分析以评估骨缺损和骨愈合。
结果：在两组中，自发愈合不足以恢复初始骨体积。宏观图片和CBCT结果显示较大的骨缺损，无骨膜。μCT结果显示BMD，BV/TV,Tb。无骨膜Th显著降低。组织学分析显示（i）去除骨膜时，颌骨区域的类骨样并置增加；（ii）下颌管区域的骨化过程对手术的反应，当去除骨膜时似乎增加。
结论：在小型猪的牙槽骨中开发了一种稳健的CSD模型模型，该模型模拟了人类下颌骨缺损。该模型允许进一步研究骨愈合过程和影响愈合的潜在因素,例如骨膜。
结论：该模型可能与测试临床前研究的不同骨重建策略有关。
方法：使用三只17、24和84月龄的雌性亚琛小型猪。对于每只小型猪，进行了裂口设计:进行了截骨术(高2厘米×长2.5厘米);左侧保留了骨膜,右侧切除了骨膜.宏观,锥形束计算机断层扫描（CBCT），显微计算机断层扫描（µCT），并进行组织学分析以评估骨缺损和骨愈合。
结果：在两组中，自发愈合不足以恢复初始骨体积。宏观图片和CBCT结果显示较大的骨缺损，无骨膜。μCT结果显示BMD，BV/TV,Tb。无骨膜Th显著降低。组织学分析显示（i）去除骨膜时，颌骨区域的类骨样并置增加；（ii）下颌管区域的骨化过程对手术的反应，当去除骨膜时似乎增加。
结论：在小型猪的牙槽骨中开发了一种稳健的CSD模型模型，该模型模拟了人类下颌骨缺损。该模型允许进一步研究骨愈合过程和影响愈合的潜在因素,例如骨膜。
结论：该模型可能与测试临床前研究的不同骨重建策略有关。
