Abstract：
The present work reports the production of cellulose nanocrystals, CNC30 and CNC60, developed using vegetable waste, i.e., bottle gourd peel through sulfuric acid hydrolysis with a 30 and 60 min hydrolysis process coupled with ultrasonication. The FTIR confirmed the absence of hemicellulose and lignin, and XRD confirmed the crystallinity of the cellulose nanocrystals. DLS studies indicated the hydrodynamic diameter of CNC30 and CNC60 to be 195.5 nm and 192.2 nm, respectively. The TEM image and SAED pattern established the shape of CNC60 to be spherical, with an average particle size of 38.32 nm. CNC60 possessed lesser negative potential and higher thermal stability than CNC30, possibly due to the demolition of the crystalline regions containing sulfate groups. The functional properties, such as swelling power, water, and oil holding capacities of CNC60, were superior to that of CNC30. The adsorption batch parameters yielded 95.68 % methylene dye removal by CNC60 against the predicted value of 96.16 % by the RSM-PSO hybrid approach. The analyses of adsorption isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamic parameters revealed the nature of the adsorbed layer and adsorption mechanism. Overall observations recommend that CNC60 could be a good and potent functional agent in paper technology, food technology, water treatment, and biomedical applications.
摘要：
本工作报告了纤维素纳米晶体的生产，CNC30和CNC60，使用蔬菜废料开发，即，通过硫酸水解30和60分钟的水解过程以及超声处理来进行冬瓜皮。FTIR证实不存在半纤维素和木质素,和XRD证实了纤维素纳米晶体的结晶度。DLS研究表明CNC30和CNC60的流体动力学直径为195.5nm和192.2nm，分别。TEM图像和SAED图案确定CNC60的形状为球形，平均粒径为38.32nm。与CNC30相比,CNC60具有更小的负电位和更高的热稳定性,这可能是由于破坏了含有硫酸根基团的结晶区。功能属性，比如膨胀力，水,CNC60的持油能力优于CNC30。吸附批量参数使CNC60的亚甲基染料去除率为95.68％，而RSM-PSO混合方法的预测值为96.16％。吸附等温线的分析，动力学,和热力学参数揭示了吸附层的性质和吸附机理。总体观察结果表明，CNC60可能是造纸技术中一种良好而有效的功能剂，食品技术,水处理,和生物医学应用。
