PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Modern agriculture often relies on large inputs of synthetic fertilizers to maximize crop yield potential, yet their intensive use has led to nutrient losses and impaired soil health. Alternatively, manure amendments provide plant available nutrients, build organic carbon, and enhance soil health. However, we lack a clear understanding of how consistently manure impacts fungal communities, the mechanisms via which manure impacts soil fungi, and the fate of manure-borne fungi in soils. We assembled soil microcosms using five soils to investigate how manure amendments impact fungal communities over a 60-day incubation. Further, we used autoclaving treatments of soils and manure to determine if observed changes in soil fungal communities were due to abiotic or biotic properties, and if indigenous soil communities constrained colonization of manure-borne fungi. We found that manure amended soil fungal communities diverged from nonamended communities over time, often in concert with a reduction in diversity. Fungal communities responded to live and autoclaved manure in a similar manner, suggesting that abiotic forces are primarily responsible for the observed dynamics. Finally, manure-borne fungi declined quickly in both live and autoclaved soil, indicating that the soil environment is unsuitable for their survival. IMPORTANCE Manure amendments in agricultural systems can impact soil microbial communities via supplying growth substrates for indigenous microbes or by introducing manure-borne taxa. This study explores the consistency of these impacts on soil fungal communities and the relative importance of abiotic and biotic drivers across distinct soils. Different fungal taxa responded to manure among distinct soils, and shifts in soil fungal communities were driven largely by abiotic factors, rather than introduced microbes. This work demonstrates that manure may have inconsistent impacts on indigenous soil fungi, and that abiotic properties of soils render them largely resistant to invasion by manure-borne fungi.
摘要：
现代农业往往依靠大量的合成肥料投入来最大限度地提高作物产量潜力,然而，它们的大量使用导致了养分流失和土壤健康受损。或者，肥料改良剂提供植物可用的营养，建立有机碳，增强土壤健康。然而,我们对粪便如何持续影响真菌群落缺乏清晰的认识，粪肥影响土壤真菌的机制，以及土壤中粪便传播真菌的命运。我们使用五种土壤组装了土壤微观世界，以研究粪便改良剂如何在60天的孵化中影响真菌群落。Further,我们使用高压灭菌处理土壤和粪肥，以确定观察到的土壤真菌群落的变化是由于非生物或生物特性，以及土著土壤群落是否限制了粪便传播真菌的定植。我们发现，随着时间的推移，粪肥修正的土壤真菌群落与未修正的群落不同，通常与多样性的减少相一致。真菌群落以类似的方式对活的和高压灭菌的粪便做出反应，这表明非生物力量是观察到的动力学的主要原因。最后,粪便传播的真菌在活土壤和高压灭菌土壤中迅速下降，表明土壤环境不适合它们的生存。农业系统中的肥料改良剂可以通过为本地微生物提供生长基质或通过引入肥料传播的分类单元来影响土壤微生物群落。这项研究探讨了这些影响对土壤真菌群落的一致性，以及不同土壤中非生物和生物驱动因素的相对重要性。不同的真菌类群对不同土壤中的粪便有反应，土壤真菌群落的变化主要是由非生物因素驱动的，而不是引入微生物。这项工作表明，粪肥可能对土著土壤真菌产生不一致的影响，土壤的非生物特性使其对粪便传播的真菌的入侵具有很大的抵抗力。
