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Abstract：
Contradictory results are existed in the literature regarding the impact of trace elements on the pathogenesis of calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone patients. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the effect of Cu and Zn on biochemical and molecular characteristics of CaOx stones. Plasma and urine concentrations of Cu and Zn in 30 CaOx stones patients and 20 controls were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Urinary levels of citric acid and oxalate were measured by commercial spectrophotometric kits. Blood levels of glutathione reduced (GSH) and catalase (CAT) were determined as markers of antioxidant activity, while blood malondialdehyde (MDA) and urine level of nitric oxide (NO) were used to assess oxidative stress. Gene expression of MAPk pathway (ERK, P38, and JNK) were estimated. The plasma and urine levels of Cu were significantly increased in the patient group compared to those of controls, while the levels of Zn were decreased. Excessive urinary excretion of citric acid and oxalate were found among CaOx stone patients. The GSH and CAT concentration were significantly reduced in CaOx stones patients compared to healthy group. The plasma MDA and urine NO concentration were significantly increased in CaOx stones patients compared to control group. The expressions of the studied genes were significantly increased in CaOx stones patients. These findings suggest that alteration in Cu and Zn might contribute to pathogenesis of CaOx patients through oxidative stress and MAPK pathway genes (ERK, P38 and JNK).
摘要：
关于微量元素对草酸钙（CaOx）结石患者发病机理的影响，文献中存在矛盾的结果。因此,我们的研究目的是研究铜和锌对CaOx结石的生化和分子特征的影响。通过火焰原子吸收光谱法（FAAS）测定30例CaOx结石患者和20例对照者的血浆和尿液中Cu和Zn的浓度。通过商业分光光度试剂盒测量柠檬酸和草酸盐的尿水平。还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的血液水平被确定为抗氧化活性的标志，同时用血丙二醛（MDA）和尿一氧化氮（NO）水平评估氧化应激。MAPk通路的基因表达(ERK,估计了P38和JNK)。与对照组相比，患者组的血浆和尿液中的铜水平显着增加，而锌的水平下降。在CaOx结石患者中发现尿液中柠檬酸和草酸盐的排泄过多。与健康组相比，CaOx结石患者的GSH和CAT浓度显着降低。与对照组相比，CaOx结石患者的血浆MDA和尿NO浓度显着增加。在CaOx结石患者中，所研究基因的表达显着增加。这些发现表明，Cu和Zn的改变可能通过氧化应激和MAPK通路基因（ERK，P38和JNK）。
