PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Biosensing and microfluidics technologies are transforming diagnostic medicine by accurately detecting biomolecules in biological samples. Urine is a promising biological fluid for diagnostics due to its noninvasive collection and wide range of diagnostic biomarkers. Point-of-care urinalysis, which integrates biosensing and microfluidics, has the potential to bring affordable and rapid diagnostics into the home to continuing monitoring, but challenges still remain. As such, this review aims to provide an overview of biomarkers that are or could be used to diagnose and monitor diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, kidney diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer\'s disease. Additionally, the different materials and techniques for the fabrication of microfluidic structures along with the biosensing technologies often used to detect and quantify biological molecules and organisms are reviewed. Ultimately, this review discusses the current state of point-of-care urinalysis devices and highlights the potential of these technologies to improve patient outcomes. Traditional point-of-care urinalysis devices require the manual collection of urine, which may be unpleasant, cumbersome, or prone to errors. To overcome this issue, the toilet itself can be used as an alternative specimen collection and urinalysis device. This review then presents several smart toilet systems and incorporated sanitary devices for this purpose.
摘要：
生物传感和微流体技术正在通过准确检测生物样品中的生物分子来改变诊断医学。由于其非侵入性收集和广泛的诊断生物标志物，尿液是一种有前途的诊断生物流体。即时尿液分析，集成了生物传感和微流体，有可能将负担得起的快速诊断带入家庭以进行持续监测，但挑战依然存在。因此，这篇综述旨在提供一个概述的生物标志物，是或可以用于诊断和监测疾病，包括癌症,心血管疾病,肾脏疾病，和神经退行性疾病，如老年痴呆症。此外,综述了用于制造微流体结构的不同材料和技术，以及通常用于检测和量化生物分子和生物体的生物传感技术。最终,这篇综述讨论了即时尿液分析装置的现状,并强调了这些技术在改善患者预后方面的潜力.传统的即时尿液分析装置需要手动收集尿液，这可能是不愉快的，笨重、或容易出错。为了克服这个问题，马桶本身可以用作替代样本收集和尿液分析装置。然后，这篇综述介绍了几种智能马桶系统和为此目的的卫生设备。
