Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Gastrodia elata Bl. (GE) is one of the rare Chinese medicinal materials with a long history of medicine and cooking. It consists of a variety of chemical components, including aromatic compounds, organic acids and esters, steroids, saccharides and their glycosides, etc., which has medicinal and edible value, and is widely used in various diseases, such as infantile convulsions, epilepsy, tetanus, headache, dizziness, limb numbness, rheumatism and arthralgia. It is also commonly used in health care products and cosmetics. Thus, its chemical composition and pharmacological activity have attracted more and more attention from the scientific community.
OBJECTIVE: In this review, the processing methods, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of GE were comprehensively and systematically summarized, which provides a valuable reference for researchers the rational of GE.
METHODS: A comprehensive search of published literature and classic books from 1958 to 2023 was conducted using online bibliographic databases PubMed, Google Scholar, ACS, Science Direct Database, CNKI and others to identify original research related to GE, its processing methods, active ingredients and pharmacological activities.
RESULTS: GE is traditionally used to treat infantile convulsion, epilepsy, tetanus, headache, dizziness, limb numbness, rheumatism and arthralgia. To date, more than 435 chemical constituents were identified from GE including 276 chemical constituents, 72 volatile components and 87 synthetic compounds, which are the primary bioactive compounds. In addition, there are other biological components, such as organic acids and esters, steroids and adenosines. These extracts have nervous system and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular system activities such as sedative-hypnotic, anticonvulsant, antiepileptic, neuron protection and regeneration, analgesia, antidepressant, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, antiplatelet aggregation, anti-inflammatory, etc. CONCLUSION: This review summarizes the processing methods, chemical composition, pharmacological activities, and molecular mechanism of GE over the last 66 years, which provides a valuable reference for researchers to understand its research status and applications.
OBJECTIVE: In this review, the processing methods, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of GE were comprehensively and systematically summarized, which provides a valuable reference for researchers the rational of GE.
METHODS: A comprehensive search of published literature and classic books from 1958 to 2023 was conducted using online bibliographic databases PubMed, Google Scholar, ACS, Science Direct Database, CNKI and others to identify original research related to GE, its processing methods, active ingredients and pharmacological activities.
RESULTS: GE is traditionally used to treat infantile convulsion, epilepsy, tetanus, headache, dizziness, limb numbness, rheumatism and arthralgia. To date, more than 435 chemical constituents were identified from GE including 276 chemical constituents, 72 volatile components and 87 synthetic compounds, which are the primary bioactive compounds. In addition, there are other biological components, such as organic acids and esters, steroids and adenosines. These extracts have nervous system and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular system activities such as sedative-hypnotic, anticonvulsant, antiepileptic, neuron protection and regeneration, analgesia, antidepressant, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, antiplatelet aggregation, anti-inflammatory, etc. CONCLUSION: This review summarizes the processing methods, chemical composition, pharmacological activities, and molecular mechanism of GE over the last 66 years, which provides a valuable reference for researchers to understand its research status and applications.
摘要：
背景：天麻.（GE）是具有悠久医学和烹饪历史的稀有中药材之一。它由多种化学成分组成，包括芳香化合物，有机酸和酯，类固醇,糖类和它们的糖苷，等。,具有药用和食用价值，广泛用于各种疾病，比如婴儿抽搐,癫痫,破伤风,头痛,头晕,肢体麻木,风湿病和关节痛。它也常用于保健品和化妆品。因此，其化学成分和药理活性越来越受到科学界的关注。
目的：在这篇综述中，处理方法，对GE的植物化学和药理活性进行了全面、系统的总结,为研究者对GE的理性研究提供了有价值的参考。
方法：使用在线书目数据库PubMed对1958年至2023年的已出版文献和经典书籍进行了全面搜索，谷歌学者，ACS,科学直接数据库,CNKI等，以确定与GE相关的原创性研究，它的加工方法，活性成分和药理活性。
结果：GE传统上用于治疗婴儿惊厥，癫痫,破伤风,头痛,头晕,肢体麻木,风湿病和关节痛。迄今为止,从GE中鉴定出435多种化学成分，包括276种化学成分，72种挥发性成分和87种合成化合物，是主要的生物活性化合物。此外,还有其他生物成分，如有机酸和酯，类固醇和腺苷。这些提取物具有神经系统和心脑血管系统活动，如镇静催眠，抗惊厥药,抗癫痫药,神经元保护和再生，镇痛,抗抑郁药,抗高血压药,抗糖尿病药,抗血小板聚集,抗炎,等。结论：本综述总结了处理方法，化学成分,药理活性，在过去的66年里，GE的分子机制，为研究者了解其研究现状和应用提供了有价值的参考。
目的：在这篇综述中，处理方法，对GE的植物化学和药理活性进行了全面、系统的总结,为研究者对GE的理性研究提供了有价值的参考。
方法：使用在线书目数据库PubMed对1958年至2023年的已出版文献和经典书籍进行了全面搜索，谷歌学者，ACS,科学直接数据库,CNKI等，以确定与GE相关的原创性研究，它的加工方法，活性成分和药理活性。
结果：GE传统上用于治疗婴儿惊厥，癫痫,破伤风,头痛,头晕,肢体麻木,风湿病和关节痛。迄今为止,从GE中鉴定出435多种化学成分，包括276种化学成分，72种挥发性成分和87种合成化合物，是主要的生物活性化合物。此外,还有其他生物成分，如有机酸和酯，类固醇和腺苷。这些提取物具有神经系统和心脑血管系统活动，如镇静催眠，抗惊厥药,抗癫痫药,神经元保护和再生，镇痛,抗抑郁药,抗高血压药,抗糖尿病药,抗血小板聚集,抗炎,等。结论：本综述总结了处理方法，化学成分,药理活性，在过去的66年里，GE的分子机制，为研究者了解其研究现状和应用提供了有价值的参考。
