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Abstract：
Cutleaf groundcherry (Physalis angulata L.), an annual plant containing a variety of active ingredients, has great medicinal value. However, studies on the genetic diversity and population structure of P. angulata are limited. In this study, we developed chloroplast microsatellite (cpSSR) markers and applied them to evaluate the genetic diversity and population structure of P. angulata. A total of 57 cpSSRs were identified from the chloroplast genome of P. angulata. Among all cpSSR loci, mononucleotide markers were the most abundant (68.24%), followed by tetranucleotide (12.28%), dinucleotide (10.53%), and trinucleotide (8.77%) markers. In total, 30 newly developed cpSSR markers with rich polymorphism and good stability were selected for further genetic diversity and population structure analyses. These cpSSRs amplified a total of 156 alleles, 132 (84.62%) of which were polymorphic. The percentage of polymorphic alleles and the average polymorphic information content (PIC) value of the cpSSRs were 81.29% and 0.830, respectively. Population genetic diversity analysis indicated that the average observed number of alleles (Na), number of effective alleles (He), Nei\'s gene diversity (h), and Shannon information indices (I) of 16 P. angulata populations were 1.3161, 1.1754, 0.1023, and 0.1538, respectively. Moreover, unweighted group arithmetic mean, neighbor-joining, principal coordinate, and STRUCTURE analyses indicated that 203 P. angulata individuals from 16 populations were grouped into four clusters. A molecular variance analysis (AMOVA) illustrated the considerable genetic variation among populations, while the gene flow (Nm) value (0.2324) indicated a low level of gene flow among populations. Our study not only provided a batch of efficient genetic markers for research on P. angulata but also laid an important foundation for the protection and genetic breeding of P. angulata resources.
摘要：
Cutleaf地下樱桃（PhysalisangulataL.），含有多种活性成分的一年生植物，具有很大的药用价值。然而,对斑马的遗传多样性和种群结构的研究有限。在这项研究中,我们开发了叶绿体微卫星（cpSSR）标记，并将其应用于评估马铃薯的遗传多样性和种群结构。从斑马的叶绿体基因组中鉴定出总共57个cpSSR。在所有cpSSR基因座中，单核苷酸标记最丰富(68.24%)，其次是四核苷酸(12.28%)，二核苷酸(10.53%)，和三核苷酸（8.77%）标记。总的来说,选择30个新开发的具有丰富多态性和良好稳定性的cpSSR标记用于进一步的遗传多样性和种群结构分析。这些cpSSRs总共扩增了156个等位基因，其中132例(84.62%)为多态型。cpSSRs的多态性等位基因百分比和平均多态性信息含量（PIC）值分别为81.29％和0.830。群体遗传多样性分析表明,平均观测等位基因数(Na),有效等位基因数(He)，Nei's基因多样性（h），16个斑马种群的香农信息指数(I)分别为1.3161、1.1754、0.1023和0.1538。此外，未加权组算术平均值，邻居加入,主坐标,和结构分析表明，来自16个种群的203个棱柱体个体被分为四个簇。分子方差分析(AMOVA)说明了种群之间相当大的遗传变异，而基因流（Nm）值（0.2324）表明种群之间的基因流水平较低。本研究不仅为马铃薯的研究提供了一批高效的遗传标记,也为马铃薯资源的保护和遗传育种奠定了重要的基础。
