PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementing different ratios of phytogenic feed additives (PFA) to weaned pigs challenged with pathogenic Escherichia coli on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal barrier integrity, and immune response, and to determine the optimal mixing ratio for post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) prevention. A total of 48 4-wk-old weaned pigs with initial body weight of 8.01 ± 0.39 kg were placed in individual metabolic cages, and then randomly assigned to eight treatment groups. The eight treatments were as follows: a basal diet without E. coli challenge (negative control, NC), a basal diet with E. coli challenge (positive control, PC), PC with supplementing 0.1% mixture of 20% bitter citrus extract (BCE), 10% microencapsulated blend of thymol and carvacrol (MEO), and 70% excipient (T1), PC with supplementing 0.1% mixture of 10% MEO, 20% premixture of grape seed and grape marc extract, green tea, and hops (PGE), and 60% excipient (T2), PC with supplementing 0.1% mixture of 10% BCE, 10% MEO, 10% PGE, and 70% excipient (T3), PC with supplementing 0.1% mixture of 20% BCE, 20% MEO, and 60% excipient (T4), PC with supplementing 0.1% mixture of 20% MEO, 20% PGE, and 60% excipient (T5), and PC with supplementing 0.1% mixture of 10% BCE, 20% MEO, 10% PGE, and 60% excipient (T6). The experiments progressed in 16 days, including 5 days before and 11 days after the first E. coli challenge (day 0). In the E. coli challenge treatments, all pigs were orally inoculated by dividing a total of 10 mL of E. coli F 18 for three consecutive days from day 0 postinoculation (PI). Compared with the PC group, the PFA2 and PFA6 groups significantly increased (P < 0.05) feed efficiency and decreased (P < 0.05) diarrhea during the entire period. At day 11 PI, the PFA6 group significantly improved (P < 0.05) gross energy digestibility compared to the PFA1 group. The PFA6 group significantly decreased (P < 0.05) tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 in serum and increased (P < 0.05) the villus height to crypt depth ratio (VH:CD). The PFA2 significantly decreased (P < 0.05) the relative protein expression of calprotectin in the ileum. In conclusion, improvements in growth performance, diarrhea reduction, and immunity enhancement are demonstrated when 10% BCE, 20% MEO, 10% PGE, and 60% excipient are mixed.
Phytogenic feed additives (PFA) include various herbs and spices, such as essential oils and polyphenols. Flavonoids and polyphenols contained in PFA are generally known to have antioxidant and antibacterial actions and based on this, PFA is considered an alternative to antibiotics in the swine industry. Pathogenic Escherichia coli infection is one of the most important causes of post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) in pigs. PWD causes intestinal damage, which leads to severe diarrhea, reduced growth performance, and mortality in weaned pigs, resulting in significant financial loss to the swine industry. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementing different ratios of PFA to weaned pigs challenged with E. coli and determine the optimal mixing ratio for PWD prevention. Our study results showed that growth performance was improved when supplementing a mixture of 10% bitter citrus extract (BCE), 20% microencapsulated blend of thymol and carvacrol (MEO), 10% premixture of grape seed and grape marc extract, green tea, and hops (PGE), and 60% excipient. Also, the effect of improving the immune response and intestinal morphology was shown. In conclusion, a mixture of 10% BCE, 20% MEO, 10% PGE, and 60% excipients is considered the optimal mixing ratio.
Phytogenic feed additives (PFA) include various herbs and spices, such as essential oils and polyphenols. Flavonoids and polyphenols contained in PFA are generally known to have antioxidant and antibacterial actions and based on this, PFA is considered an alternative to antibiotics in the swine industry. Pathogenic Escherichia coli infection is one of the most important causes of post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) in pigs. PWD causes intestinal damage, which leads to severe diarrhea, reduced growth performance, and mortality in weaned pigs, resulting in significant financial loss to the swine industry. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effects of supplementing different ratios of PFA to weaned pigs challenged with E. coli and determine the optimal mixing ratio for PWD prevention. Our study results showed that growth performance was improved when supplementing a mixture of 10% bitter citrus extract (BCE), 20% microencapsulated blend of thymol and carvacrol (MEO), 10% premixture of grape seed and grape marc extract, green tea, and hops (PGE), and 60% excipient. Also, the effect of improving the immune response and intestinal morphology was shown. In conclusion, a mixture of 10% BCE, 20% MEO, 10% PGE, and 60% excipients is considered the optimal mixing ratio.
摘要：
本研究旨在研究添加不同比例的植物性饲料添加剂（PFA）对致病性大肠杆菌（E。大肠杆菌)对生长性能的影响，营养素消化率，肠屏障完整性，和免疫反应，并确定预防PWD的最佳混合比。将48头初始体重为8.01±0.39kg的4周龄断奶猪置于个体代谢笼中,然后随机分配到八个治疗组。八种治疗方法如下：无大肠杆菌攻击的基础饮食（阴性对照，NC),大肠杆菌挑战的基础饮食(阳性对照，PC),PC补充0.1％的20％苦柑橘提取物（BCE）的混合物，百里酚和香芹酚（MEO）的10％微胶囊混合物，和70％的赋形剂（T1），PC补充了0.1％的10％MEO混合物，20％葡萄籽和葡萄籽提取物预混物，绿茶,和啤酒花（PGE），和60％的赋形剂（T2），PC补充了0.1％的10％BCE混合物，10%MEO,10%PGE,和70％的赋形剂（T3），PC补充20%BCE的0.1%混合物，20%MEO,和60％的赋形剂（T4），PC补充了0.1%的20%MEO混合物，20%PGE,和60％的赋形剂（T5），和PC补充0.1％的10％BCE混合物，20%MEO,10%PGE,和60%赋形剂(T6)。实验进行了16天,包括第一次大肠杆菌攻击前5天和后11天(d0)。在大肠杆菌挑战治疗中，通过从接种后第0天(PI)将总共10mL大肠杆菌F18分开连续3天,对所有猪进行口服接种。与PC组相比，PFA2和PFA6组显著提高饲料效率(P<0.05),减少腹泻(P<0.05)。在d11PI时，与PFA1组相比,PFA6组显著提高(P<0.05)总能量消化率。PFA6组血清中肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）和白细胞介素6（IL-6）明显降低（P<0.05），绒毛高度与隐窝深度之比（VH：CD）升高（P<0.05）。PFA2显著降低回肠中钙卫蛋白的相对蛋白表达(P<0.05)。总之,增长绩效的提高，腹泻减少，和免疫增强时，10％的BCE，20%MEO,10%PGE,和60%赋形剂混合。
