Abstract：
Cytochrome P450s (also called CYPs or P450s) are a superfamily of heme-containing monooxygenases. They are distributed in all biological kingdoms. Most fungi have at least two P450-encoding genes, CYP51 and CYP61, which are housekeeping genes that play important roles in the synthesis of sterols. However, the kingdom fungi is an interesting source of numerous P450s. Here, we review reports on fungal P450s and their applications in the bioconversion and biosynthesis of chemicals. We highlight their history, availability, and versatility. We describe their involvement in hydroxylation, dealkylation, oxygenation, C═C epoxidation, C-C cleavage, C-C ring formation and expansion, C-C ring contraction, and uncommon reactions in bioconversion and/or biosynthesis pathways. The ability of P450s to catalyze these reactions makes them promising enzymes for many applications. Thus, we also discuss future prospects in this field. We hope that this review will stimulate further study and exploitation of fungal P450s for specific reactions and applications.
摘要：
细胞色素P450(也称为CYP或P450)是含血红素单加氧酶的超家族。它们分布在所有生物王国中。大多数真菌至少有两个P450编码基因，CYP51和CYP61，是在甾醇类合成中起重要作用的管家基因。然而,王国真菌是许多P450的有趣来源。这里,我们回顾了有关真菌P450及其在化学物质的生物转化和生物合成中的应用的报道。我们强调他们的历史，可用性,和多功能性。我们描述了它们参与羟基化，脱烷基化,氧合，C=C环氧化，C-C裂解,C-C环的形成和膨胀，C-C环收缩,以及生物转化和/或生物合成途径中不常见的反应。P450催化这些反应的能力使它们有希望用于许多应用的酶。因此，我们还讨论了该领域的未来前景。我们希望这篇综述能促进真菌P450在特定反应和应用中的进一步研究和开发。
