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Abstract：
This review provides the history and current paradigms of waste management (WM) practices in developing nations during the last five decades. It explores the evolution of the challenges, complexities, and trends during this period. This paper, for the first time, presents an estimation of the amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) generated in developing nations in the last five decades based on the material flow analysis approach. Overall, the amount of MSW in developing countries has increased from about 0.64 billion Mt in 1970 to 2 billion Mt in 2019. This review demonstrates the importance of finding new WM approaches in developing nations in the context of formulating policies, strategies, and highlights the major trends that re-define WM in developing countries. It also aims to present the holistic changes in technology, economic and environmental feasibility aspects to attain an integrated sustainable WM system in developing countries. Specific focus on open-burning, open-dumping, informal recycling, food waste, plastic pollution, and waste collection with reference to Sustainable Development Goals are explained. Drivers for the way forward including circular economy are investigated.
摘要：
这篇综述提供了过去五十年来发展中国家废物管理（WM）实践的历史和当前范例。它探索了挑战的演变，复杂性，和这一时期的趋势。这篇论文,第一次,根据物料流分析方法，对过去五十年来发展中国家产生的城市固体废物（MSW）的数量进行了估算。总的来说,发展中国家的MSW数量已从1970年的约6.4亿吨增加到2019年的20亿吨。这篇综述表明，在制定政策的背景下，在发展中国家寻找新的WM方法的重要性，战略,并强调了发展中国家重新定义WM的主要趋势。它还旨在展示技术的整体变化，经济和环境可行性方面，以在发展中国家实现综合可持续的WM系统。特别注重露天焚烧,公开倾销，非正式回收，食物浪费,塑料污染,并参照可持续发展目标对废物收集进行了解释。调查了包括循环经济在内的前进道路的驱动因素。
