PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Plain abdominal radiographs and gastrointestinal contrast studies remain the first line of investigation for the evaluation of several conditions due to their easy availability and ease of use in pediatric patients. A systematic approach to evaluating the plain radiograph for pediatric abdomen can lead the radiologist to a relevant differential diagnosis in most cases. In other cases, it leads the radiologist to the next line of investigation. The plain radiograph of the abdomen is requested for several conditions ranging from abdominal pain, vomiting, failure to pass meconium, abdominal distension, perforation, mass or for suspected obstruction. The radiation dose involved in abdominal radiography, although significant, the diagnostic information provided outweighs the risk. Dose reduction techniques should be employed to reduce the radiation dose to infants and children. Spectrum of atresias and stenosis from the esophagus up to the rectum, Hirschsprung disease, small left colon syndrome, and anorectal malformations can be identified with a detailed and systematic contrast study. They act as an adjunct in the diagnosis of conditions such as intussusception and hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Inflammatory conditions such as acute appendicitis, necrotizing enterocolitis, and acute conditions such as pneumoperitoneum are also well appreciated on plain abdominal radiographs.
摘要：
由于腹部X线平片和胃肠道造影研究易于获得且易于在儿科患者中使用，因此仍然是评估几种疾病的第一线研究。在大多数情况下，评估小儿腹部平片的系统方法可以使放射科医师进行相关的鉴别诊断。在其他情况下,它引导放射科医生进入下一行调查。腹部的X线平片是需要的几种情况，从腹痛，呕吐,未能通过胎粪，腹胀,穿孔,肿块或疑似梗阻。腹部X线摄影中涉及的辐射剂量，虽然意义重大，提供的诊断信息大于风险.应采用剂量减少技术来减少婴儿和儿童的辐射剂量。从食道到直肠的闭锁和狭窄的频谱，先天性巨结肠病，左半结肠小综合征,和肛门直肠畸形可以通过详细和系统的对比研究来识别。它们是诊断肠套叠和肥厚性幽门狭窄等疾病的辅助手段。炎症条件，如急性阑尾炎，坏死性小肠结肠炎,气腹等急性病症在腹部平片上也很受欢迎。
