Abstract：
Bioelectrochemical systems which employ microbes as electrode catalysts to convert chemical energy into electrical energy (or conversely), have emerged in recent years for water sanitation and energy recovery. Microbial biocathodes, and especially those reducing nitrate are gaining more and more attention. The nitrate-reducing biocathodes can efficiently treat nitrate-polluted wastewater. However, they require specific conditions and they have not yet been applied on a large scale. In this review, the current knowledge on nitrate-reducing biocathodes will be summarized. The fundamentals of microbial biocathodes will be discussed, as well as the progress towards applications for nitrate reduction in the context of water treatment. Nitrate-reducing biocathodes will be compared with other nitrate-removal techniques and the challenges and opportunities of this approach will be identified.
摘要：
使用微生物作为电极催化剂将化学能转化为电能（或相反）的生物电化学系统，近年来出现了水卫生和能源回收。微生物生物阴极，尤其是那些还原硝酸盐的方法越来越受到重视。硝酸盐还原生物阴极可以有效地处理硝酸盐污染的废水。然而,它们需要特定条件，尚未大规模应用。在这次审查中,将总结当前有关硝酸盐还原生物阴极的知识。将讨论微生物生物阴极的基本原理，以及在水处理中减少硝酸盐的应用进展。将减少硝酸盐的生物阴极与其他硝酸盐去除技术进行比较，并将确定这种方法的挑战和机遇。
